Praying for Israel and Jerusalem is about G-d's glory filling the earth.
Why is He so passionate about this one geographical location? It is difficult to understand the Almighty's burning zeal for a seemingly insignificant city in the Middle East unless we realise that it is and will be the capital of G-d's kingdom when Jesus returns to restore all things.
And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it. And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the G-d of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. Isa 2:2-3
Isaiah describes the millennial Messianic kingdom as in Micah 4:1-5. G-d's government (mountain) will be established over all the kingdoms of this world; Gentiles (nations) and Jews (peoples) will do the will of G-d; justice and peace will reign.
At the end of days, Jerusalem will be established and will be the capital of the world, both spiritually and politically. The Gentile nations will make pilgrimages to Zion to worship and receive divine instruction.
It is important to understand why we pray for the destiny of Israel and Jerusalem, otherwise we lack the motivation to stand with G-d for Israel and Jerusalem. Jerusalem is probably the most controversial (and most hated) city on earth. Before the return of Jesus, Scripture clearly states that all nations will take a stand against the city of Jerusalem (Zechariah 12:3; 14:2; Psalm 83:2-8).
And in that day will I make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all people: all that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it. Zec 12:3
For I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle; and the city shall be taken, and the houses rifled, and the women ravished; and half of the city shall go forth into captivity, and the residue of the people shall not be cut off from the city. Zec 14:2
Keep not thou silence, O G-d: hold not thy peace, and be not still, O G-d. For, lo, thine enemies make a tumult: and they that hate thee have lifted up the head. They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones. They have said, Come, and let us cut them off from being a nation; that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance. For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee: The tabernacles of Edom, and the Ishmaelites; of Moab, and the Hagarenes; Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek; the Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre; Ps 83:1-7
It will become increasingly unpopular to take a stand for Israel and Jerusalem in any form. If we do not clearly understand from G-d's Word why we are committed to Israel and Jerusalem, we will retreat in the days ahead. The salvation of Israel and the restoration of Jerusalem under the reign of Jesus is at the heart of G-d's plan to bring His kingdom in fullness to earth and fill the earth with His glory (Isaiah 11:9; 61:11).
They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea. Isa 11:9
For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, and as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring forth; so the Lord G-d will cause righteousness and praise to spring forth before all the nations. Isa 61:11
G-d is committed to the salvation of Israel so that His own glory may be revealed throughout the earth. His plan is to redeem the whole earth. His means for this strategy is the redeemed and restored nation of Israel under the leadership of Jesus. G-d told Abraham (Genesis 12:3) that through his descendants all nations would be blessed. Israel is G-d's means of redemption for all nations; all who accept Jesus Christ.
Therefore say unto the house of Israel, thus saith the Lord G-d; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name's sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went. And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the Lord, saith the Lord G-d, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes. Ezek 36:22-23
For if the casting away of them [Jews] be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead? Rom 11:15
Through the rejection of the Jewish people, the Gentiles had the opportunity to be reconciled to G-d. When the Jews themselves are reconciled, what will this be other than life from the dead?
G-d made a covenant with his friend Abraham that through his descendants all the nations of the earth would be blessed (Genesis 12:3). He confirmed the covenant with Isaac and then with Jacob. At the heart of the covenant was G-d's promise to redeem and restore the whole earth through the descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, thereby bringing blessing to all nations.
It is through the seed of Abraham, Jesus, that the nations will be blessed. Part of this blessing (a firstfruit) was released through his death and resurrection, whereby he gained authority to rule over the earth and restore all things. However, it is not G-d's intention to simply redeem human souls, but to free the whole creation from the curse (Romans 8:20-24).
Jesus did not exercise his dominion over the earth in a manifest political manner during his first coming. This will be different when he returns. The second coming of Jesus marks the beginning of a period of 1,000 years, known as the Millennium, the Messianic Kingdom or the 1,000-year reign. This period is also known as the time of restoration of all things (Acts 3:21) or the Messianic Age, which was prophesied by the OT prophets. What the Jews expected of Jesus at his first coming, he will accomplish at his second coming.
The Bible is very clear that Jesus, as the last Adam, will reign over an earthly kingdom that will encompass all other kingdoms. When we pray, ‘Thy kingdom come,’ do we realise that there will be a dramatic, literal response that will disrupt the entire social order of the planet? G-d's plan, through Jesus, is a complete takeover of planet Earth. Jesus is coming back to finish the job! He will restore all things, bring the whole earth back under G-d's rule, and fulfil G-d's promise to Abraham.
And in the days of these kings shall the G-d of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. Dan 2:44