Summary
Although I confess that I still do not totally grasp all the meaning of what is said in Romans 9, I see that the overall picture here, from beginning to end, is about how the Jews, who were once God’s chosen people, as an entire race, had largely rejected Jesus Christ as their Lord and Messiah and were still trying to be saved by following the Old Covenant liturgical and ceremonial laws. But they were not true Israel by physical descendance, nor by keeping liturgical laws, but only by faith in Christ Jesus, our Lord, as is required of all who would belong to God and to have eternal life with God.
Not an accurate summary at all. You left out the fact that God Himself placed all of Israel, spiritually blinding them by the "spirit of slumber." Romans 11:8
No different than any of us were placed under, shown in 2 Cor. 4:4 and Eph. 2:2 for examples.
What is the missing component in your summary? Our adversary, the devil.
Paul tells us that when the O.T. was read, their MINDS, the minds of these people, were blinded, 2 Cor. 3:14
Well, WHO exactly blinded them? That would be THE DEVIL
And God fully allows said blindness. And only God can "allow" us to "see" the obvious
When we do see, we, like Paul, will bemoan our condition, knowing full well we can't change it. We can however tell the truth of it
Who then in Romans 9 was "not Israel?" That answer is obvious. The party who BLINDS. Our adversary, the devil
Who receives mercy then and who does not?
People receive Mercy
Devils do not
Who then are the vessels of mercy in Romans 9? People
Who are the vessels of dishonor? The devil and his messengers
Romans 11:32
For
God has bound everyone over
to disobedience so that he may have
mercy on them all.
IF God allows you to see and speak truthfully, that you are a sinner and that your sin is in fact "of the devil," these matters will become so obvious they will LEAP off the pages
But for those who remain blinded, they will not and can not see it, nor speak the truth of it, no matter how hard they try, and these are fulfilling the scriptures also