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  • CF has always been a site that welcomes people from different backgrounds and beliefs to participate in discussion and even debate. That is the nature of its ministry. In view of recent events emotions are running very high. We need to remind people of some basic principles in debating on this site. We need to be civil when we express differences in opinion. No personal attacks. Avoid you, your statements. Don't characterize an entire political party with comparisons to Fascism or Communism or other extreme movements that committed atrocities. CF is not the place for broad brush or blanket statements about groups and political parties. Put the broad brushes and blankets away when you come to CF, better yet, put them in the incinerator. Debate had no place for them. We need to remember that people that commit acts of violence represent themselves or a small extreme faction.

Do We Give Our All?

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“Do We Give Our All?
Mark 12:41-44 NIV
Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts. But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few cents. Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything—all she had to live on.”

Recently, for our family devotion time, we read this passage about the widow giving all that she had. I have read this story numerous times in the past and am reminded of how powerful of a message it is showing us that giving our all in life is so important. I’m reminded of how crucial it is for us to truly give our all in every single thing we do in life. So often it’s easy for us to just give minimal in our efforts to various commitments.

I think about the religious leaders and other rich people who felt a sense of pride for throwing large amounts into the offering. I’m sure they had a puffed up ego feeling all good about their so-called generosity. However, the widow is amazing not only because she gave the least amount, but also that she gave everything she had and ended up giving more than them!

This makes me consider how often I honestly put in 100% effort into the things I do each day and how much I commit to my relationship with God, my family, church and friendships that I have. When I consider the widow, I often wonder how God wants me to give more in certain situations.

Guess who else gave their all? There’s many other examples in Scripture, but the best example every is Jesus Christ Himself. He literally gave it all. Just like the hymn, “Jesus Paid It All”. No one in history could ever give what Jesus did. Jesus gave His life to give us life.

I think we all need to start asking ourselves each day, “Do we give our all in our relationship with God, in our family, in our church, and other relationships?” In our commitments, where are we failing to give our all? Others are busting their tails often to help us and to provide for their families, so we definitely need to make sure we are giving our best effort in everything we do.

Like the widow, do we find ourselves giving our all and being as humble as possible or do we just give a little and feel prideful for at least giving something? We need to ditch the pride and take a good lesson from not only the widow, but Jesus Himself.

CBS Bay Area says "dozens of mostly peaceful protestors" at Turning Point Event, Justice Department investigating violent riot

On Monday night, dozens of mostly peaceful protestors gathered near the Turning Point event on the university's campus, and scuffles broke out between police and some protestors, videos of the demonstrations show. At one point, somebody threw smoke bombs, CBS News Bay Area reported

They just don't seem able to help themselves. Did any news outlet report "mostly peaceful protestors" at J6?

Be Instructed Judah

The 'All Israel that will be saved', must mean the spiritual Israelites of God; the faithful Christian believers, as per Galatians 6:14-16.
The spritual Israelites of God (faithful Christian believers) have been blinded until the fullness of the Gentiles (non-Jews) has been completed ?

No, keras, in Romans 11:25, it is the Jewish unbelievers of Israel who have been blinded until the fullness of the Gentiles has been completed.

The Jews will not turn to Jesus until the middle of the 7 years. And as it says in Ezekiel 39:22 at the time of Jesus's return, the house of Israel will believe that Jesus is the LORD their God from that day and forward.


Roman 11:25 For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.

26 And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:
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Bear Grylls says writing about Jesus was the ‘hardest thing’ he’s ever done: ‘It’s a battleground’

Testimonies are planting seeds. There is nothing wrong with writing and selling a book. A worker is worth their wages. It takes money to reach a wide audience, etc. You make a very good point about his celebrity opening people up to reading his testimony.
Thank you, and I agree about a worker being worthy of their wages.
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Speaker Johnson Refuses to Seat Democratic Rep.-elect Adelita Grijalva

Democrat Adelita Grijalva to be sworn in 7 weeks after winning House election

Democrat Adelita Grijalva will be sworn in as a member of Congress on Wednesday when the House returns, seven weeks after she won a special election in Arizona.

House Speaker Mike Johnson will administer the oath of office to Grijalva at 4 p.m. Wednesday before the lower chamber holds votes on a funding bill to reopen the government, according to the speaker's office.
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Harvard conservative magazine is suspended by its own board after publishing article laced with Nazi rhetoric

When a bunch of violent, fighting-aged, disproportionately-male "refugees" started landing on my homeland in 1492 it didn't go well for us. And we didn't have our own leaders selling us out and our invaders weren't as fond of rape and their monogamy meant they didn't breed like rabbits. And we had a LOT of land. The effects took time to hit. And our elders gave awards to braves who fought back rather than jailing everyone who even complained about it.

Britain is cooked.

And they're cooked in the future on a level even the Native Americans weren't.

Ngl I don't care about Germany after what they did in the war, but watching Britain is horrifying.
Well that went from zero to racist real quick.
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Do the Ten Commandments still apply under the new covenant today?

Well let's see what Paul is saying here in (Rom. 3:20) Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sights for by the law is the knowledge of sin. The deeds of the law is referring to the animal sacrificial laws, all those sacrifices can never remove sins, so they could never be justified. This is true because the blood of Jesus can only justify us. The animal sacrificial laws was added because people continue to sin, and the wages of sin bring for death. So instead of God killing people every time they sin, the Lord gave Moses a law to use, animals. So by the other law (Ten Commandments, Statutes and Judgement) is the knowledge of sin.

Now didn't Paul say in Romans 3:31 Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law. You wouldn’t know what sin was if there was no law.

To sum up what going on here in Galatians, Paul is explaining that Christ came from Abraham seed, and remove the animal Sacrificial law. But in the days of Abraham that animal Sacrificial law never was on the table, and was not needed for Abraham to obey and have faith in God. But the Commandments was always on the table. Now pay attention, the law that is being spoken of here came four hundred and thirty years after this covenant. But God’s holy commandments have been around forever even before man was created.

Remember that Satan was kicked out of heaven because iniquity (sin) was found in him. And what is sin? The transgression of the law (commandments). Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law. Now we have just read the biblical definition of sin, the transgression (breaking) of the law (commandments.) It doesn’t matter what you or I think sin is, it’s what God says sin is that counts. (1John 3:4)

(v.19) Wherefore then serveth the law? A question is being asked here. Then why should we serve this law? It was added because of transgression, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; the law that we are talking about here was added because of sin. But we now know that sin is the transgression of the law.

How do you add a law if sin is the transgression of the law? Because there are two sets of laws, you have God’s holy commandments which abided forever, and you had the animal sacrificial law which was added because of sin, but it was only good until the seed should come to whom the promise was made, and that seed was Jesus.

(v.24) Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith. This animal sacrificial law was only a schoolmaster.

In the days of Jesus, the religious leaders were constantly questioning Jesus in order to test Him and on this occasion a lawyer asked Jesus what is the great commandment?
Matthew (22:35) Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying, (36) Master, which is the great commandment in the law?

Jesus reply was the 1st great commandment was to love God and the 2nd was to love ones neighbor. These were given as a commandment for man to love.

Matthew (22:37) Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. (38) This is the first and great commandment. (39) And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

One should note that by following the 1st and 2nd great commandment they will be adhering to the 10 commandments issued by Moses. If they love the Lord they won’t have any other Gods before him, or make any graven images or take his name in vain, they will remember his Sabbath and if they love their neighbor they will honor their Father and Mother and they won’t kill or commit adultery or steal or bear false witness nor will they covet. This is why Jesus goes on to state that on these two commandments hang the law and the prophets. Because by fulfilling these two commandments one fulfills the law.

(40) On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.

Jesus stated that these 2 commandments where the 2 great commandments however the following verses will show that these commandments were not new and that the Jews and Jesus was speaking to were aware of them. These were the same ones issued to Israel by Moses.

Deuteronomy (6:5) And thy shall love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.

Leviticus (19:18) Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.

Now that it has been established that man was commanded to love one needs to examine the scriptures to get an understanding of the love required in these great commandments.

In the following verses Moses is telling the Israelites that God chose them strictly out of His love for them.Deuteronomy (7:7) The LORD did not set his love upon you, nor choose you, because ye were more in number than any people; for ye were the fewest of all people: (8) But because the LORD loved you, and because he would keep the oath which he had sworn unto your fathers, hath the LORD brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.

(9) Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations;

Note in verse (9) Moses states a condition that God requires in order for Him to keep covenant and have mercy. And that is an individual must love God and keep His commandments. The scriptures will show that there is only one way to love God and that is by keeping His commandments.

Note that Jesus states in the following verse that in order to love Him one has to keep His commandments.

John (14:15) If ye love me, keep my commandments.

Jesus further defines the love He requires when He states in the following verse that those who have His commandments and keep them are those that love Him. One does not have to guess at Jesus definition of love He made it clear.

John (14:21) He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me: and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I will love him, and will manifest myself to him.

Jesus also reinforced what was said in Deuteronomy verse (9) by adding that those that love Him will be loved by the Father. How does one love Jesus? by keeping His commandments and Moses said God will keep covenant and have mercy with those who keep His commandments. So therefore by following Jesus one shall receive love from Him as well as mercy from the Father.

Note in these scriptures it did not say those who profess their love for Jesus or those that claim that Jesus knows what in their heart. Jesus made a clear and direct statement if one has His commandments and keeps them they are the ones who love Him. The statement that Jesus made as well as the condition Moses gave in Deuteronomy verse (9) were based on behalf of an individuals actions not their feeling or emotions or conditions. To exhibit love towards Jesus one must engage in a specific action and that action is being obedience to the word of God. And one will see that they are to be obedient regardless of their feeling or the surrounding circumstances.

Jesus states again in the following verses what is required of an individual to receive His love.

John (15:9) As the Father hath loved me, so have I loved you: continue ye in my love. (10) If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as I have kept my Father's commandments, and abide in his love.

Notice Jesus use the word if ye keep my commandments, so what happen if ye do not keep his commandments. The above verse shows to be loved of Jesus one needs to be obedient. Jesus also states in verse (10) that He was obedient to the Father by keeping His commandments and therefore abides in His love.
Thank you for the post, the "deeds of the law" is referring to the old covenant law as a whole. Not just animal sacrifices because sacrifices applies when you sin and needed forgiveness, as if no sacrifices then there is no forgiveness of sin (both animal sacrifices and law goes hand in hand). The new covenant though is forgiveness by believe in the Gospel no animal sacrifices. Christ is our sacrificial lamb. Believe in Him and your sins will be forgiven.

You cannot keep any commandments given under the old covenant the lamb as was only given so we can see our sinful ways. So you can never show love by trying to keep the Sinai law.
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Letita Jamews indicted for fraud

Watchdog group asks for investigation into Lindsey Halligan over Comey, James cases

The complaints, filed by the Campaign for Accountability, asks the bar in both Florida and Virginia to probe misconduct they argue spans bringing charges not supported by probable cause to speaking about the case with a reporter.

“The evidence appears to demonstrate that, absent President Trump’s intervention, neither Mr. Comey nor Ms. James would have been indicted,” the group wrote a letter to bar associations in Florida and Virginia.

“By proceeding with charges that career prosecutors, as well as, in Mr. Comey’s case, a special counsel appointed by President Trump, deemed unsupported by evidence, and by misrepresenting the factual basis of the charges in the indictments, Ms. Halligan appears to have violated her additional responsibility as a prosecutor to refrain from prosecuting charges not supported by probable cause.”


Full article:
Campaign for Accountability is very wrong about their accusation that there is no probable cause.
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The Octopianist

Neat trick.

Seeing as octopodes are deaf.
No, octopodes are not deaf
; they can hear low-frequency sounds using an internal organ called a statocyst. While they lack external ears and don't hear as well as many fish, their statocysts detect vibrations in the water that allow them to sense potential predators, prey, or other sounds in their environment
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Mytho-History

Ah. That's pretty much what I think.

Inspiring Philosophy thinks Adam and Eve were basically priests, and the Eden was the holiest of holies. Thus, Adam had a special connection to God that the rest of humanity didn't have.

This, in a way, parallel Jesus, as he is referred to as the New Adam, is the representative of humanity, and is also a high priest.
About 20 years ago the Holy Spirit spoke to me and said, " Jesus is the Tree of Life, the Tree of Knowledge is the Law, and the Tower of Babylon represents all of those people that try to achieve heaven through their own efforts, including many Christians".

God the showed me that the Garden of Eden is righteousness. (A place that man must be created in God's image, perfect.) Adam and Eve are naked because in righteousness, we open ourselves to God and hide nothing.

Adam and Eve are the Hebrew people who received righteousness through faith from Abraham. The fruit of the Tree of knowledge is the desire to work for righteousness. Because of that, they were kicked out of righteousness. They rejected Jesus and embraced the Law.

God condemned Adam to work the soil
(works). It produces nothing worth while.

These are allegories. They could be real people but the hidden message is more important than the literal.
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Testing AI in Reading & Comprehension

You know who else talks back like a human? Humans. I get emotionally triggered by talking to humans on CF, but not by talking to AI. ;) More on that in the next post...

Except apparently neither you nor AI can actually reliably tell the difference. I, on the other hand, as someone who uses AI all the time, can spot it; you’re missing the actual telltales that I’ve worked so hard to to eliminate from my custom GPTs (but without complete success; there are some embedded Turing-tell behaviors that I can’t get the model to avoid without crushing the beauty of its output.

By the way you have given this conversation the character of a Philip K. Dick novel for which I salute you. Have you considered that you might have been replaced by an AI without realizing it? ;)
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Trump dispenses with trials, orders military strike on alleged Venezuelan drug-trafficking boat (Now up to 2, 3, 4...)

UK pauses intelligence-sharing with US on suspected drug vessels in Caribbean

Britain has suspended the sharing of intelligence with the US on suspected drug trafficking vessels in the Caribbean amid concerns information supplied may be used to engage in lethal military strikes by American forces.

Such a decision – a rare rupture between the normally close military allies – would indicate that the UK does not believe the Trump administration’s controversial practice of sinking boats allegedly used by drug traffickers is legal.

Several legal analysts have said that the attacks on boats were extrajudicial killings and any unprovoked attack on Venezuela would be a further clear violation of international law.

Oona Hathaway, the president-elect of the American Society of International Law and a former Pentagon legal adviser, said criminal liability may arise for those involved in the attacks. “I know they know what they are doing is wrong. If they refuse, they disobey orders. If they do it, they are violating international law and domestic law,” she said.

“There’s no serious argument there is anyone other than civilians on these small boats, despite what the US government says,” [Brian Finucane, a senior adviser with the US programme at the International Crisis Group.] added. “So that should be an obvious concern if the UK or other countries who could in some ways be supporting these lethal strikes.”
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SO HOW DO YOU KNOW YOU ARE SAVED ??

The New Testament begins when Jesus died. All that is said does not apply to the church. In Matthew 23:9 Jesus is speaking to the Israelis of His time on earth. Exodus 4:22 Israel was set aside as His people, His bride, and His children. It was not until the NT that we discovered not all Israel was Israel. Not all people on earth are His children. After Jesus died only those who believe in Jesus and walk in the Spirit are His children.

So at the very least, you distinguish between the body of Christ, and the nation of Israel.

From this paragraph, you probably believe in the pre trib rapture of the boc as well.
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Trumps interactions with global leaders

On Monday, Trump welcomed Syrian President Ahmad al-Sharaa to the White House despite his past ties to terrorism. The Syrian leader had links to Al-Qaeda under the nom de guerre Abu Mohammed al-Golani, and he battled U.S. forces in Iraq before entering the war in Syria.

At one point, al-Sharaa had a $10 million U.S. bounty on his head and was eventually imprisoned by U.S. forces in Syria for several years.

Loomer blamed the meeting between him and Trump on "the people who work for President Trump."

"Sometimes I feel like some of the people who work for President Trump deliberately go out of their way to sabotage him," the Trump insider wrote Tuesday on X. "Who said: let's invite the ISIS terrorist to the White House for a photo op in the Oval the day before Veterans Day? How many US soldiers did Julani kill?"
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The Blaze’s Pipe-Bomb Bombshell Appears to Bomb; The right-wing outlet claimed to solve the Jan. 6th pipe-bomb mystery

The Blaze’s Pipe-Bomb Bombshell Appears to Bomb

The right-wing outlet claimed to solve the Jan. 6th pipe-bomb mystery​

EARLY SATURDAY MORNING, the Blaze published the most hyped investigation from a right-wing media outlet in recent memory—an exposé on what it claimed was the likely identity of the January 6th pipe bomber.

In the Blaze’s telling, a female former Capitol Police officer who joined the CIA shortly after January 6th was “a forensic match” for the individual caught on camera footage the night before. The article, which included the woman’s name and several pictures of her, purported to be buttressed by “gait analysis” comparing the ex-officer to videos of the bomber.

The article’s claims ... were quickly picked up by leading Republicans, including Trump appointee Kari Lake and several Republican members of Congress. Rep. Barry Loudermilk (R-Ga.), the chair of the House’s new January 6th subcommittee ... Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.). Rep. Anna Paulina Luna declared on X that “a capitol police officer placed a pipe bomb at the RNC on J6,” adding that the Blaze story was proof that Republicans would “all be in the gulag” if not for Trump.

Two days later, it seems like that excitement may have been more than a little overcooked. Rather than matching the Blaze’s reporting, rival January 6th reporters on the right are casting doubt on its conclusion.

In a sign of how things are going, Luna has quietly deleted her post about the woman’s identity.

When Trump took office again, MAGA expected answers. But, frustratingly for the right, the installation of Trump diehards like Kash Patel and Dan Bongino as the leaders of the FBI hasn’t turned up any more information.

After landmark lawsuits resulted in rulings against InfoWars and Fox News over conspiracy theories, putting them on the hook for massive amounts in damages, right-wing pundits have tended to go after more vaporous groups like the “cabal” or even just an unnamed “they,” the better to avoid the prospect of a similarly damaging libel suit. The fact that Baker had named and published photos of a specific person gave the impression that he might actually have the goods.

Now it gives the impression of an imminent damaging libel suit.

Conservative wins seat on Loudoun County school board, slams district's bathroom policy

As Democrats dominated statewide races in Virginia, one of the most high-profile school districts in the state and country elected a conservative school board candidate critical of the district's bathroom policies, the second election in a row that a seat in a blue district has been flipped.

Unofficial results compiled by the Virginia Public Access Project show Amy Riccardi winning 51.47% of the vote in the race for a seat on the Loudoun County Public Schools Board of Education representing the Sterling District.

Riccardi has defeated Democrat-endorsed incumbent Arben Istrefi, who captured 47.7% of the vote. Loudoun County Public Schools is a school district located in the suburbs of Washington, D.C., that has drawn national headlines in recent years amid debate over its policies related to trans-identifying students.

Continued below.

Why Zohran Mamdani won and New York will pay a terrible price

Ok so "Mamdani won 18 to 29-year-olds 77% to 20% and among the 30-44 age group, 70% to 27%"

18 to 44 vote him in at 70% or more.

Let all who voted for democratic socialism in NYC have their own means of production seized just as Mamdani stated. They could pool their resources and have the sort of communism that "pooled resources" with "means of production seized by the government" is intended to provide.

We could then send missionaries to NYC.

But what if NYC citizens then try to escape? Try to sneak over the border to free America? Should we wall them out?
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There’s a Giant Flaw in Human History

Ok so theres one piece of advanced knowledge that is out of place. Way earlier than the orthodox narrative was saying. I think the same study found similar molded blocks on earlier pyramids. So this could go back even earlier. Now we can find other examples.
Since this will not go away lets look at this forensically which I know a thing or two about in the automotive industry.

1762900563922.png


The casing stone has a visible front and side face and the immediate question which arises if it is composed of a moulded piece of limestone concrete why is the front face smooth and the side face coarse? It is possible their casting tool produced this type of finish but why would the ancient Egyptians go to all this trouble? From an engineering design perspective it serves no useful purpose.

If however the casing was abrasion cut, stone pounded, chiselled with copper tools and abrasion smoothed it makes perfect sense, the front face underwent a final smoothing process with finer grit as it is the visible face to convey the aesthetic value of the pyramid, the side faces remained coarse as they are not visible.

The next point is the hydrochloric drop test which I mentioned in an off the cuff way in a previous post. It turns out to playing a major factor in refuting the moulded limestone concrete hypothesis.


Did the Egyptians cast the casing stones like concrete?​


Joseph Davidovits (1970s–2000s) proposed that the outer casing blocks of the Great Pyramid were not quarried but cast in place from a kind of limestone geopolymer, a reconstituted “concrete” made by dissolving soft limestone with natron and lime, then moulding it into blocks.


That hypothesis has been tested many times by geologists, mineralogists, and Egyptologists.




1. HCl Reactivity Test – Direct Evidence for Natural Limestone


ObservationGeopolymer ExpectationActual Observation
Reaction with dilute HClWeak or uneven fizzing — geopolymers are bound by aluminosilicate gel, not pure CaCO₃Vigorous, uniform effervescence, identical to natural calcite-rich limestone
ResultSuggests synthetic binding matrix (if artificial)Shows crystalline calcite structure, not amorphous binder

Explanation:
If the casing stones were made from a chemically recombined limestone slurry, the calcium carbonate would not crystallize in the same interlocking matrix found in natural sedimentary limestone. Instead, it would have amorphous or microcrystalline binding phases, with much weaker and patchier HCl reaction.
Geologists have applied the HCl drop test on both casing fragments and core samples — all respond exactly like natural limestone from the nearby Tura quarries.




2. Petrographic and Mineralogical Studies


Independent geologists (notably Dietrich & Rosemarie Klemm, 1993, 2008) performed thin-section microscopy and X-ray diffraction:


  • The grain structures, fossils, and cementation within the pyramid limestones match the stratigraphy of the Tura and Giza formations perfectly.
  • They show biogenic microfossils, foraminifera, and oolitic textures typical of Eocene marine limestone — impossible to reproduce by chemical reconstitution.
  • No evidence of amorphous aluminosilicate binder or reaction rims typical of geopolymers.

Thus, the stones are unmistakably natural.




⚗️ 3. Stable Isotope Analysis (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O)


Geopolymer fabrication using dissolved limestone and natron would reset isotopic signatures due to recrystallization.
Yet isotope ratios of casing samples match those of unaltered natural limestone from Tura — showing no sign of chemical reformation.




4. Textural and Tool Evidence


  • Quarry tool marks remain visible at the Tura quarry faces where casing stones were cut and removed.
  • Some unfinished casing blocks at Giza show chisel dressing, wedge marks, and lever sockets, not mould seams.
  • The Great Pyramid’s casing blocks are dimensionally consistent with quarry-cut blocks, not cast pours — each with bedding orientation consistent with quarry strata.



5. Conclusion: HCl Tests and Geology Refute the Geopolymer Claim


Evidence TypePrediction if CastActual ResultVerdict
HCl reactivityWeak/non-uniform fizzStrong, uniformNatural limestone
PetrographyAmorphous binder, no fossilsSedimentary fabric, fossilsNatural limestone
IsotopesReset by dissolution/reprecipitationUnaltered natural ratiosNatural limestone
Quarry tracesAbsentAbundantQuarried
Structural orientationRandomMatches geological beddingQuarried



Scholarly Sources​


  1. Klemm, D. & Klemm, R. The Stones of the Pyramids: Provenance of the Building Stones of the Old Kingdom Monuments in Egypt. (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2008) — detailed petrographic and isotopic data confirming Tura limestone origin.
  2. Harrell, J.A. “Archaeological Geology of the Giza Plateau.” Geoarchaeology (2004).
  3. Stocks, D.A. Experiments in Egyptian Archaeology (2003) — demonstrates quarrying and dressing with copper tools.
  4. Davidovits, J. (1990, 2009) — proposes the opposing geopolymer theory, but data inconsistent with observed mineralogy.



Summary Statement:


The simple HCl acid test, combined with petrographic, isotopic, and field evidence, conclusively demonstrates that the Great Pyramid’s core and casing stones are natural limestones quarried and dressed, not moulded geopolymers or artificial concrete. The effervescent reaction with hydrochloric acid alone is one of the clearest and earliest field indicators confirming their carbonate, sedimentary origin.


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