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Starting today August 7th, 2024, in order to post in the Married Couples, Courting Couples, or Singles forums, you will not be allowed to post if you have your Marital status designated as private. Announcements will be made in the respective forums as well but please note that if yours is currently listed as Private, you will need to submit a ticket in the Support Area to have yours changed.
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CF has always been a site that welcomes people from different backgrounds and beliefs to participate in discussion and even debate. That is the nature of its ministry. In view of recent events emotions are running very high. We need to remind people of some basic principles in debating on this site. We need to be civil when we express differences in opinion. No personal attacks. Avoid you, your statements. Don't characterize an entire political party with comparisons to Fascism or Communism or other extreme movements that committed atrocities. CF is not the place for broad brush or blanket statements about groups and political parties. Put the broad brushes and blankets away when you come to CF, better yet, put them in the incinerator. Debate had no place for them. We need to remember that people that commit acts of violence represent themselves or a small extreme faction.
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Liberal Protestant churches proclaim 'holiness' of transgenderism, rebuke Catholic bishops
- By RileyG
If they’re holy and whole, mutilating their bodies would be sacrilegious. We are all broken, all need for repentance and the gospel! IMHOSeveral liberal Protestant and Jewish denominations declared transgenderism "holy" this week in direct rebuke of a vote by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) to bar transgender procedures in Catholic healthcare facilities.
"During a time when our country is placing their lives under increasingly serious threat, there is a disgraceful misconception that all people of faith do not affirm the full spectrum of gender — a great many of us do," read the Wednesday statement, which included signatures of leaders from The Episcopal Church, the Presbyterian Church (USA), the United Church of Christ (UCC), the Unitarian Universalist Association, the Union for Reform Judaism, an association of Quakers and others.
“Let it be known instead that our beloveds are created in the image of God — Holy and whole," the statement said of transgender-identifying individuals.
Continued below.
Liberal Protestant churches proclaim 'holiness' of transgenderism, rebuke Catholic bishops
A group of liberal Protestant and Jewish denominations issued a statement Wednesday affirming transgenderism as holy in repudiation of the U S Conference of Catholic Bishops, which voted the same daywww.christianpost.com
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Why Kat Von D Will Not Get Rid of an Item in Her Home Some Christians Think Is ‘Demonic’
- By RileyG
Maybe she should talk to her priest about that. (She’s a catechumen in the Orthodox Church), instead of random people she never met? Eh?Internet warriors of all stripes are insufferable imo.Keep your historical piece of furniture Kat.
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There’s a Giant Flaw in Human History
- By sjastro
- Physical & Life Sciences
- 1263 Replies
Individuals who have responded in this thread do not operate at your limited intellectual and educational levels, so stop projecting.
Since you are incapable of understanding the problems in your so called experts ‘theories’ don’t assume everyone else cannot either.
Your arguments are based on confirmation bias while your take on images shows pareidolia which is the psychological condition of seeing things that are not there. Only you can see the softening of stone while everyone else sees irregular surfaces.
Well let me put my forensic scientist cap on, I have had to analyse SEM results and have sometimes been led astray as SEMs are very good at detecting contamination.Ok I must have missed that one as well.
Then how do you explain this. Do these scientists also have an idiotic obsession with moulded limestone.
After extensive scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and other testing, they found that the tiniest structures within the inner and outer casing stones were indeed consistent with a reconstituted limestone. The cement binding the limestone aggregate was either silicon dioxide (the building block of quartz) or a calcium and magnesium-rich silicate mineral.
The stones also had a high water content--unusual for the normally dry, natural limestone found on the Giza plateau--and the cementing phases, in both the inner and outer casing stones, were amorphous, in other words, their atoms were not arranged in a regular and periodic array. Sedimentary rocks such as limestone are seldom, if ever, amorphous.
The sample chemistries the researchers found do not exist anywhere in nature. "Therefore," says Barsoum, "it's very improbable that the outer and inner casing stones that we examined were chiseled from a natural limestone block."
More startlingly, the presence of silicon dioxide nanoscale spheres (with diameters only billionths of a meter across) in one of the samples. This discovery further confirms that these blocks are not natural limestone.
The Surprising Truth Behind the Construction of the Great Pyramids
"This is not my day job." So begins National Science Foundation-supported researcher Michel Barsoum as he recounts his foray into the mysteries of the Great Pyramids of Egypt. As a well respected…www.nsf.gov
Were the casing stones of Senefru's Bent Pyramid in Dahshour cast or carved?: Multinuclear NMR evidence
Ancient organo-mineral geopolymer in South-American Monuments: Organic matter in andesite stone. SEM and petrographic evidenc
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272884219300288
Microstructural Evidence of Reconstituted Limestone Blocks in the Great Pyramids of Egypt
https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01308.x
It is a well known fact the Giza plateau sits on a water table which rises and falls and the Sphinx which is made from limestone has been affected by groundwater penetrating the limestone via capillary action. Dissolved salts such as silicates recrystallize in the limestone creating the impression of geopolymer cement defined by a high water content, the presence of silicon dioxide, calcium and magnesium-rich silicate minerals.
This my theory and I asked GPT-5 to find evidence of the same effect on pyramid casing stones.
✅ Can the high water content and silicates in low-level pyramid casing stones be explained by groundwater and capillary rise?
Yes — and there is direct geological, archaeological, and hydrological evidence that the lower casing stones of the pyramids interacted with groundwater and capillary moisture for long periods.
This interaction can fully account for:
- Elevated water content
- Amorphous silicate coatings
- Silica spheroids in SEM images
- Mg–Ca rich cement patches
- Chemical compositions different from “fresh” limestone
1. Evidence that groundwater reached or influenced the pyramid bases
1.1 Geological surveys show historical high water tables near the pyramid base
Multiple geological studies (Egyptian Geological Survey; Hassan 1949; Gauri et al. 1988; Abdel-Mota'al 2010) show that:
- Ancient groundwater levels across the Giza Plateau varied significantly.
- During wetter periods (Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom), the water table was several metres higher than today.
- In some recorded phases, the water table approached or overlapped the lowest courses of the pyramids.
The lower portions of:
- The Great Pyramid
- Khafre’s pyramid
- Menkaure’s pyramid
2. Evidence of capillary rise in the Giza limestones
2.1 Tura limestone (the casing stone material) is highly microporous
Petrographic and porosity measurements (El‐Aref 1987; Kamel & Kamal 1990) show:
- Tura limestone has very fine micro-porosity (0.5–2 μm pores).
- Such pore sizes maximize capillary action, enabling water to rise 2–5 m above the water table.
2.2 Field observations confirm capillary staining on casing blocks
Archaeologists who documented the few remaining original casing stones (especially on the northern and eastern sides of the Great Pyramid) note:
- A distinct “tide line” or discolored band on the lowest casing stones
- Crusts of evaporated salts, including halite, gypsum, and silica
- More porous and friable texture on the bottom 4–6 courses
These are classic signatures of prolonged capillary wetting and evaporation cycles.
3. Evidence that groundwater altered the geochemistry of these stones
3.1 Silica precipitation and amorphous coatings on lower stones
Geochemical studies of the Great Pyramid casing remnants (Harrell 1991; Klemm & Klemm 2001) show:
- Silica-rich amorphous films on lower edges
- Microcrystalline and colloidal silica deposits in pore spaces
- Mg-enriched carbonate alteration in lower zones
- Dolomitization features in moisture-influenced areas
These match exactly the silicate and Mg–Ca textures that the geopolymer hypothesis cites as “artificial binders”.
But they are well-known groundwater alteration products in limestones.
3.2 Identical alteration is documented in the Sphinx enclosure
The Sphinx’s lower limestone shows:
- High water content
- Amorphous silica gels
- Clay mobilization
- Salt crystallization
- Recrystallized calcite
These effects arise from the same groundwater regime shared by the plateau.
The lower pyramid casing stones exhibit the same signatures, though less extreme.
4. Evidence of long-term moisture cycling affecting the casing
4.1 Salt efflorescence recorded on lower pyramid blocks
Salt crust analysis by Gauri & Bandyopadhyay (1999) shows:
- Halite, gypsum, and sodium carbonates
- Crystallized in patterns indicating evaporation from upward-moving groundwater
- Found primarily on lower courses, decreasing upward
This is diagnostic of capillary rise.
4.2 Mechanical degradation patterns align with moisture flow
Weathering profiles on lower casing remnants show:
- Preferential subflorescence damage (salt crystallization inside pores)
- Zones of higher porosity created by dissolution
- Breakdown surfaces consistent with wet/dry cycling
These are not seen in upper courses, which stayed dry for 4,500 years.
5. Why this matters for the “reconstituted stone” hypothesis
Everything that Barsoum’s team attributed to artificial reconstitution has a well-understood natural explanation:
| Feature observed | Geopolymer claim | Well-established groundwater explanation |
|---|---|---|
| High water content | Reconstituted limestone stored water | Capillary rise + long-term groundwater wetting |
| Amorphous silicate binder | Artificial geopolymer | Silica gels from groundwater evaporation |
| Silica nano-spheres | Manufactured nanoparticles | Natural colloidal silica precipitates |
| Mg–Ca rich phases | Artificial binder formulation | Groundwater dolomitization & ion exchange |
| “Unnatural” chemistries | Human-added mix | Groundwater alteration + diagenesis |
In every case, the natural geological process explains the data without requiring synthetic casting.
✅ Conclusion: Yes — groundwater and capillary rise completely explain the features observed in lower casing stones
The combined evidence shows:
- The water table rose high enough to influence the pyramid bases.
- Tura limestone actively wicks moisture through capillary action.
- Groundwater introduced silica, magnesium, clays, and carbonates.
- Evaporation cycles created amorphous silica phases and silica spheres.
- Weathering patterns on lower casing stones match known capillary processes.
Therefore, the high water content and silicate anomalies are geological in origin, not evidence that the blocks were cast.
Real evidence trumps confirmation bias and pareidolia.
Once again only someone as deluded as you, completely paralysed by pareidolia can see evidence of stone softening or moulding in the images.
Seriously it is breathtakingly stupid.
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