Hello Brother, it’s good to speak with you again. You are citing Clement of Alexandria, a Coptic Christian who wrote the Stromata about 198 – 203 A.D. The part of the passage you cited was actually one of the dates Clement was reporting others had calculated for the “genesis” of Jesus.
“And there are those who have determined not only the year of our Lord's [“genesis”-birth or conception?), but also the day; and they say that it took place in the twenty-eighth year of Augustus (depending on reckoning system Egyptian Non-Accession would correspond to our 4 – 3 B.C. or Egyptian Accession would be 3 – 2 B.C.), and in the twenty-fifth day of Pachon (May-June).
And the followers of Basilides hold the day of his baptism as a festival, spending the night before in readings. And they say that it was the fifteenth year of Tiberius Cæsar (depending on reckoning Egyptian Non-Accession would be 27 - 28 A.D., Egyptian Accession would be 28 – 29 A.D.), the fifteenth day of the month Tubi (Jan 9-Feb 7); and some that it was the eleventh of the same month.
And treating of His passion, with very great accuracy, some say that it took place in the sixteenth year of Tiberius (depending on reckoning 28 – 29 or 29 - 30 A.D.), on the twenty-fifth of Phamenoth (Mar 10-April 8); and others the twenty-fifth of Pharmuthi (April 9 – May 9) and others say that on the nineteenth of Pharmuthi the Saviour suffered. (*Note: There were those who attempted to compress Jesus’ whole ministry from baptism to death into a single year, based on Jesus having said he had come to preach “the acceptable year of the Lord.” Trying to date historical events according to some “interpretation” of some prophecy or some construed meaning is not a new phenomena!)
Further, others say that He was [genesis-born or conceived?) on the twenty-fourth or twenty-fifth of Pharmuthi (April 9-May9).
A lot of historians question if these calculations about the “genesis” of Jesus were referring to his birth being in the spring or to his conception. This Greek word means to “procreate” and is often translated “beget” as it is in that long list in Matthew Chapter 1 of the genealogy of Jesus. Also Matthew uses this word talking about “that which was
conceived” in Mary was of the Holy Ghost. The earliest traditions set Jesus’ birth on December 25, early winter, and certainly these various Christians calculating these dates would have known of it. Many historians believe they were attempting to calculate the date of Jesus’ conception, which was believed to have been in the spring, and some, based on the belief that men of importance died on the same date of their conception, were attempting to fix Jesus' conception with the date of his death, which was also being discussed and calculated trying to correlate it with various calendars. We are now able with computer modeling (thank you NASA) to date the crucifixion to the 15th day of the new moon of the spring in the year A.D. 30 which correlates to a Friday, April 7 of our Gregorian calendar.
Another reason to conclude that Clement was speaking of the various calculations of Jesus’
conception being in the spring conception rather than a spring
birth is that Clement himself calculated the birth of Jesus: “And our Lord was born in the twenty-eighth year ... in the reign of Augustus (if using the regnal years of Augustus counted as Egyptian Calendar Years according to the Accession-Year System that would be sometime between August 29, 3 B.C. - August 28, 2 B.C.). Then Clement states: “From the birth of Christ ... to the death of Commodus are, in all, 194 years, one month, and thirteen days.” Emperor Commodus was murdered December 31, A.D. 192 making the date Clement calculated for Jesus’ birth as November 18, 3 B.C., an early winter birth. However, it should be noted, that Clement’s calculations were based on his chronology of the world (dating events from the creation) in which he set out to show that the Jewish Laws and Institutions were older in antiquity and therefore superior toand even the source of Greek philosophy. So that was the basis of his calculations, in which he calculated the creation of the world in 5592 B.C. and the year of Jesus’ birth in 3 B.C.
But leaving Clement of Alexandria, we have to go back much further to Clement of Rome, who was the earliest “church father.” Many believe his letter (1st Clement) was written about A.D. 65, others date it to as late as 95. Clement was a student of the Apostles. In early tradition, the "Apostolic Constitutions” were a collection of laws and instructions on the structure and organization of the church as an institution that were taught by the Apostles and recorded by Clement in the first century, and do favor an early date providing Clement with the authority he exercises to admonish the church at Corinth about their violation of the established order of presbytery in the church. In 692 A.D. the Council of Trullo disregarded the work only reserving the final chapter, the "Canons."
And then of course later tradition claims that this was not the teaching of the Apostles at all nor was it written by Clement, but was “composed” in the 4th century in Syria by an unknown who forged the name of Clement and claimed the teaching was from the Apostles to "give it the weight of authority.” But then I find that modern scholarship does that a lot with Christian works, some claiming even the Gospels were not actually the work of those whose names they bear but were written much later than the time of the Apostles by unknown men, so I take such theories with a large dose of salt and tend to give more weight to the oldest traditions.
At any rate, I am off to work, but I’ll offer some other early references as well that also mention Christians observing the birth of Jesus and those who spoke of and even urged the keeping of the feast of Christ’s birth: Haydn, Telesphorus, Theophilus, Cyprian, all of whom pre-date the oft-repeated claim that Christians did not observe Jesus’ birth until the Roman Catholic church (the supposed source of all things pagan) “adopted a pagan holiday” in the 4th century, the only supposed evidence being the Filocalus calendar.
In Christ,
Deborah