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Sins which Spoil Christian Brotherhood and Civil Neighbourhood. (From John Bunyan's "Christian Behavior" 1674)
Now then, before I go any farther, I will here take an occasion to touch a little upon those sins that are so rife in many professors in this day: and they are, covetousness, pride, and uncleanness. I would speak a word to them in this place, the rather because they are they which spoil both Christian brotherhood, and civil neighbourhood, in too great a measure.First, of Covetousness.
1. Covetousness: it is all one with desire; he that desires, covets, whether the thing he desires be evil or good. Wherefore that which is called coveting in Exodus 20:17 is called desire in Deuteronomy 5:21. As the apostle also saith, “I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet” (Rom 7:7). That is, I had not known lust to be a sin, unless the law had forbid it. Wherefore, though lawful desires are good (1Co 12:31), and to be commended, yet covetousness, as commonly understood, is to be fled from, and abhorred, as of the devil.2. Covetousness, or evil desire: it is the first mover, and giveth to every sin its call, as I may say, both to move and act. As was said before, the apostle had not known sin, except the law had said, Thou shalt not desire or covet; for where there is no desire to sin, there appears no sin.
3. Therefore covetousness carrieth in it every sin—we speak of sins against the second table—even as a serpent carrieth her young ones in her belly. This the Scripture affirms, where it saith, “Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbour’s” (Exo 20:17). Covetousness will meddle with anything.
Now, there are in my mind at present these eight notes of covetousness, which hinder good works, and a Christian conversation among men, wherever they are harboured.
(1.) When men to whom God hath given a comfortable livelihood are yet not content therewith. This is against the apostle where he saith, “Let your conversation be without covetousness; and be content with such things as ye have: for he hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee” (Heb 13:5).
(2.) It is covetousness in the seller that puts him to say of his traffic, it is better than it is, that he may heighten the price of it; and covetousness in the buyer that prompts him to say worse of a thing than he thinks in his conscience it is, and that for an abatement of a reasonable price. This is that which the apostle forbids under the name of defraud (1Co 6:8), and that which Solomon condemns (Pro 20:14).
(3.) It is through covetousness that men think much of that which goeth beside their own mouth, though possibly it goeth to those that have more need than themselves, and also that better deserve it than they.
(4.) It argueth covetousness when men will deprive themselves and those under them of the privileges of the gospel for more of this world, and is condemned by Christ (Luk 14:18-20).
(5.) It argueth covetousness when men that have it can go by, or hear of the poor, and shut up their bowels and compassions from them (1Joh 3:17).
(6.) Also when men are convinced it is their duty to communicate to such and such that have need, yet they defer it; and if not quite forget it, yet linger away the time as being loth to distribute to the necessities of those in want. This is forbidden by the Holy Ghost: “Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it” (Pro 3:27). Now, it is due from thee to the poor by the commandment of God if they want and thou hast it. “Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and tomorrow I will give; when thou hast it by thee” (Pro 3: 28).
(7.) It argueth a greedy mind also when, after men have cast in their minds what to give, they then from that will be pinching and clipping, and taking away; whereas the Holy Ghost saith, “Every man according as he purposeth in his
heart, so let him give; not grudgingly, or of necessity: for God loveth a cheerful giver” (2Co 9:7).
(8.) And lastly, it argueth a filthy greedy heart also when a man, after he hath done any good, then in his heart to repent and secretly wish that he had not so done, or at least, that he had not done so much: this is to be weary of well-doing; (I speak now of communicating,) and carrieth in it two evils. First, it spoileth the work done. And, secondly, it, if entertained, spoileth the heart for doing any more so. “The vile person shall be no more called liberal, nor the churl said to be bountiful,” for “the liberal deviseth liberal things; and by liberal things shall he stand” (Isa 32:5, 8).
Now then, to dissuade all from this poisonous sin, observe that above all sins in the New Testament, this is called idolatry (Eph 5:5; Col 3:5). And therefore God’s people should be so far from being taken with it that they should be much afraid of the naming of it one among another, lest it should, as adulterous thoughts, infect the heart by the talking of it (Eph 5:3).
Question
But why is covetousness called idolatry?Answer
1. Because it engageth the very heart of man in it to mind earthly things. It gets our love, which should be set on God, and sets it upon poor empty creatures. It puts our affections out of heaven, where they should be, and sets them on earth, where they should not be (Eze 33:31; Phi 3:18-19; Col 3:1-3). Thus it changeth the object on which the heart should be set and setteth it on that on which it should not. It makes a man forsake God, “the fountain of living waters,” and causeth him to hew to himself “cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water” (Jer 2:13).For, 2. it rejecteth the care, government, and providence of God towards us, and causeth us to make of our care and industry a god to whom, instead of God, we fly continually, both for the keeping what we have and for getting more. This was Israel’s idolatry of old, and the original of all her idolatrous practices. “For their mother hath played the harlot,” that is, committed idolatry: “she that conceived them hath done shamefully; for she said, I will go after my lovers, that gave me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, mine oil and my drink” (Hos 2:5).
3. It disalloweth of God’s way of disposing His creatures, and would have them ordered and disposed of otherwise than His heavenly wisdom seemeth meet; and hence ariseth all discontents about God’s dealing with us. Covetousness never yet said, It is the Lord; let him do what he pleaseth; but is ever objecting, like a god, against everything that goeth against it. And it is that which, like a god, draweth away the heart and soul from the true God and His Son Jesus Christ. “He went away sorrowful: for he had great possessions” (Mat 19:22). Now then, that which engageth the heart, that rejecteth the providence of God, and that is for ordering and disposing of things contrary to God, and for breaking with God upon these terms, is idolatry; and all these do covetousness. “The wicked boasteth of his heart’s desire, and blesseth the covetous, whom the LORD abhorreth” (Psa 10:3). Now the way to remedy this disease is to learn the lesson which Paul had got by heart, to wit, “In whatsoever state” you are, “therewith to be content” (Phi 4:11).
Second, of Pride.
I come in the second place to speak a word of pride, and loftiness of heart and life.1. Pride, in general, it is that which causeth a man to think of man and his things above what is written (1Cor 4:6).
2. It hath its seat in the heart among these enormities: fornications, adulteries, lasciviousness, murders, deceit, and so forth (Mar 7:21-23), and showeth itself in these following particulars:
(1.) When you slight this or that person, though gracious—that is, look over them and shun them for their poverty in this world—and choose rather to have converse with others that possibly are less gracious because of their greatness in this world. This the Apostle James writes against (Jam 2:1-3), under the name of partiality; for indeed the fruits of a puffed-up heart is to deal in this manner with Christians (1Co 4:6-7). Now this branch of pride floweth from ignorance of the vanity of the creature and of the worth of a gracious heart. Wherefore get more of the knowledge of these two, and this sprig will be nipped in the head, and you will learn to condescend to men of low degree (Rom 12:16).
(2.) It argues pride of heart when men will not deny themselves in things that they may for the good and profit of their neighbours. And it argueth now that pride has got so much up into self-love and self-pleasing that they little care who they grieve or offend, so they may have their way (Oba 12-15).
(3.) It argueth pride of heart when sober reproofs for sin and unbeseeming carriages will not down with thee, but that rather thou snuffest, and givest way to thy spirit to be peevish, and to retain prejudice against those that thus reprove thee. Saith the prophet, “Hear ye, and give ear; be not proud: for the LORD hath spoken”; that is, hear the reproofs of God for your sins, and break them off by repentance—“But if ye will not hear it, my soul shall weep in secret for your pride” (Jer 13:15, 17). So also in Hosea: “They will not frame their doings to turn unto their God: for the spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them, and they have not know the LORD. And the pride of Israel doth testify to his face” (Hos 5:4-5). This argueth great senselessness of God, and a heart greatly out of frame.
(4.) It argueth pride also, when a reproof or admonition will not down as well from the poorest saint as from the greatest doctor; and it argueth a glory in men (1Co 3:21), and that they would that their faith should stand in their wisdom and not in the “power of God,” that is, of naked truth (1Co 2:5).
(5.) It argueth pride of heart when a man that hath this or that in his heart to do in reference to God, but yet will slight a sober asking counsel and direction of God in this matter: “The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God,” saith David (Psa 10:4).
(6.) It argueth pride of heart when persons are tickled with thoughts of their own praise, that secretly lust after it, that think of themselves and others above what is written; which those do who do not acknowledge that man in his best
estate is altogether vanity (Psa 39:5). But such kind of people have forgot the exhortation, “Be not highminded, but fear” (Rom 11:20). And also, that there is a knowledge that puffeth up, and edifieth neither themselves nor others (1Co 8:1-2). Wherefore, to such the apostle saith, Be not “desirous of vain glory,” “but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves” (Gal 5:26; Phi 2:3).
Pride also there is in outward carriage, behaviour, and gesture, which is odious for Christians to be tainted with; and this pride is discovered by mincing words, a made carriage, and an affecting the toys and baubles that Satan and every lightheaded fool bringeth into the world. As God speaketh of the daughters of Zion, they “walk with stretched forth necks, and wanton eyes…mincing as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet” (Isa 3:16). A very unhandsome carriage for a people that profess godliness, and that use to come before God to confess their sins, and to bemoan themselves for what they have done. How can a sense of thy own baseness, of the vileness of thy heart, and of the holiness of God, stand with such a carriage? Dost thou see the vileness of thy heart, the fruit of sin? And art thou afflicted with that disagreement that is between God and thy heart, that layest the reins on the neck of thy lusts, and lettest them run whither they will? Be not deceived; pride ariseth from ignorance of these things (1Ti 6:3-4). A sense of my vileness, of what I have deserved, and of what continually in my heart opposeth God, cannot stand with a foolish, light, and wanton carriage: thou wilt then see there are other things to mind than to imitate the butterfly. Alas, all these kind of things are but a painting the devil, and a setting a carnal gloss upon a castle of his. Thou art but making gay the spider: is thy heart ever the sounder for thy fine gait, thy mincing words, and thy lofty looks? Nay, doth not this argue that thy heart is a rotten, cankered, and besotted heart? Oh! That God would but let thee see a little of thy own inside as thou hast others to behold thy outside. Thou painted sepulchre, thou whited wall, will these things be found virtues in the day of God? Or, is this the way that thou takest to mortify sin? “An high look, and a proud heart, the plowing of the wicked, is sin” (Pro 21:4). Pride is the ringleader of the seven abominations that the wise man nameth (Pro 6:16-17), and is that above all that causeth to fall into the condemnation of the devil (1Ti 3:6).