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  • CF has always been a site that welcomes people from different backgrounds and beliefs to participate in discussion and even debate. That is the nature of its ministry. In view of recent events emotions are running very high. We need to remind people of some basic principles in debating on this site. We need to be civil when we express differences in opinion. No personal attacks. Avoid you, your statements. Don't characterize an entire political party with comparisons to Fascism or Communism or other extreme movements that committed atrocities. CF is not the place for broad brush or blanket statements about groups and political parties. Put the broad brushes and blankets away when you come to CF, better yet, put them in the incinerator. Debate had no place for them. We need to remember that people that commit acts of violence represent themselves or a small extreme faction.

Experiencing heaven on earth?

I have heard some Christians and videos/books talk about Christians being able to experience heaven on earth.
I currently believe in the following:
Life is a never-ending stream of problems that must be confronted, surmounted, and/or solved. If at any point, Life runs out of problems to give us, then as players, we will unconsciously invent problems for ourselves.
There are also related words like "abundance" and "manifesting". I was wondering if Christians believe heaven on earth can be consistently experienced and if that is Biblical. I think it's related to prosperity gospel but maybe involves even stronger blessings.

I have experienced feelings of heaven on earth myself but they turned out to be manic episodes and I've been hospitalized. At the same time I had missed out on a lot of sleep and if that happens I start taking sleeping tablets. In those cases when my life seemed perfect I ended up unconsciously inventing problems for myself (resulting in hospitalization, etc)

Creation was 5500 BC not 4000 BC

The gospel of Nicodemus which is actually inspired written pre 70 AD makes it clear 5500 is the original numbers based on the dimensions of the ark in Exodus 25:10 of 2.5 by 1.5 by 1.5 cubits which adds up to 5.5 which the Israelites understood to mean the messiah would come 5500 years from creation. Those ark numbers are the same in all hand written versions of the OT. It is also quoting the life of Adam, and Eve 5500 messianic prophecy which early Christians believes was written by Moses.

Here is the timeline based on Gospel of Nicodemus. It is 70 years short possibly textual variant

Creation 5430 BC
Flood 3218 BC
Tower of Babel 2687 BC
Abraham born or died? 2081 BC (modern date 2000-2200 BC depending on MT or LXX)
Exodus from Egypt 1611 BC (1446 BC is modern date)
Solomons temple build 1100 BC (967 BC is modern date)
Solomons temple destroyed 636 BC (587 BC is the modern date)
Jesus born 4BC -1BC.



Those dates came from this section: it says the dates are in Ezras books but they are not in Ezra/1 Esdras/2 Esdras so it is possibly citing lost works of Ezra. It is citing Life of Adam, and Eve with the 5500 year prophecy, and the extra 70 books outside the normal canon for the worthy only which is in 2 Esdras.

. Now our custom is that every year before our assembly we open this holy Bible and inquire the testimony of God. And we have found in the first book of the Seventy how that Michael the angel spake unto the third son of Adam the first man concerning the five thousand and five hundred years, wherein should come the most beloved Son of God, even Christ: and furthermore we have thought that peradventure this same was the God of Israel which said unto Moses: Make thee an ark of the covenant in length two cubits and a half, and in breadth one cubit and a half, and in height one cubit and a half. For by those five cubits and a half we have understood and known the fashion of the ark of the old covenant, for that in five thousand and a half thousand years Jesus Christ should come in the ark of his body: and we have found that he is the God of Israel, even the Son of God. For after his passion, we the chief of the priests, because we marvelled at the signs which came to pass on his account did open the Bible, and searched out all the generations unto the generation of Joseph, and Mary the mother of Christ, taking her to be the seed of David: and we found that from the day when God made the heaven and the earth and the first man, from that time unto the Flood are 2,212 years: and from the Flood unto the building of the tower 531 years: and from the building of the tower unto Abraham 606 years: and from Abraham unto the coming of the children of Israel out of Egypt 470 years: and from the going of the children of Israel out of Egypt unto the building of the temple 511 years: and from the building of the temple unto the destruction of the same temple 464 years: so far found we in the Bible of Esdras: and inquiring from the burning of the temple unto the coming of Christ and his birth we found it to be 636 years, which together were five thousand and five hundred years like as we found it written in the Bible that Michael the archangel declared before unto Seth the third son of Adam, that after five thousand and a half thousand years Christ the Son of God hath (? should) come

Trump willing to meet with Pope Leo, responds to Catholic leader's criticism of immigration policies

President Donald Trump said he remains open to meeting with Pope Leo XIV and insisted he wasn't aware of the pontiff's comments expressing disagreement with his immigration policies.

In an interview with Trump broadcast on Tuesday, Politico’s Dasha Burns asked the president to weigh in on the pope's characterization of his immigration policies as “inhumane.” Trump insisted he hadn't heard the comments before launching into a defense of his policies to combat illegal immigration that went largely unenforced under his predecessor, former President Joe Biden.

“I haven’t heard any statements from the pope,” he said. “I’m sure he’s a lovely man. His brother’s a lovely man.”

Continued below.

Mystery Babylon is physical Jerusalem

⭐ 1. Revelation itself IDENTIFIES the city that kills the prophets
⭐ Revelation 11:8 “The great city… where also their Lord was crucified. It is spiritually called Sodom and Egypt.” Only one city qualifies: Jerusalem. The phrase “where their Lord was crucified” is geographically specific.

⭐ 2. Only Jerusalem is the city that kills prophets (Jesus’ own words)
⭐ Matthew 23:37 “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you…”
⭐ Luke 13:33 “It cannot be that a prophet perish outside of Jerusalem.” Revelation 18 says of Mystery Babylon:
⭐ Revelation 18:24 “In her was found the blood of prophets and of saints…” Jesus says prophets are killed in Jerusalem. Revelation says prophets are killed in Babylon. Therefore → The city = Jerusalem. No other city in the Bible kills prophets.

⭐ 3. Jerusalem is repeatedly called a HARLOT in the Old Testament Revelation 17 calls Mystery Babylon “the great harlot.” So does the OT, referring to Jerusalem:
⭐ Isaiah 1:21 “How the faithful city has become a harlot!” This is the same accusation Revelation makes.
⭐ Ezekiel 16:15 “You trusted in your beauty and played the harlot…”
⭐ Ezekiel 16:26 “You committed harlotry with the Egyptians…”
⭐ Ezekiel 16:28 “You played the harlot with Assyria…”
⭐ Ezekiel 23:1–49 Jerusalem (“Oholibah”) and Samaria (“Oholah”) are called: “harlots” “adulteresses” women committing fornication with foreign nations This is near-identical language to Revelation 17. Thus, long before Revelation, Jerusalem = Harlot City in prophecy.

⭐ 4. Jerusalem is called SODOM — same as Mystery Babylon Revelation 11:8 identifies the great city as: Sodom Egypt The OT also calls Jerusalem Sodom:
⭐ Isaiah 1:10 “Hear the word of the LORD, you rulers of Sodom… you people of Gomorrah!”
⭐ Ezekiel 16:46–55 Jerusalem compared to Sodom repeatedly. Jerusalem is spiritually: Sodom Gomorrah Revelation uses the SAME labels.

⭐ 5. Jerusalem is called EGYPT — same as Mystery Babylon Revelation 11:8 explicitly says Jerusalem is Egypt spiritually. The OT establishes this pattern:
⭐ Hosea 11:5 “He shall return to Egypt…” (Israel’s judgment)
⭐ Deuteronomy 28:68 Israel will be sent “back to Egypt” in judgment. Thus, “Egypt” is a Bible nickname for apostate Israel/Jerusalem.

⭐ Jeremiah 25:11–12 The nations drinking the cup of wrath includes Jerusalem first (Jer 25:18), just as Babylon brings wrath to the nations. Jerusalem becomes like Babylon when judged.

⭐ 7. Revelation’s description of the “Great City” matches Jerusalem, not Rome (a) The city where Jesus was crucified Only Jerusalem (Rev. 11:8) (b) The city that kills prophets Only Jerusalem (Matt. 23:37; Rev. 18:24) (c) The city drunk with blood of saints Jerusalem repeatedly killed the righteous (Matt. 23:35). (d) The harlot imagery OT consistently uses this language for Jerusalem (Isa 1; Ezek 16; 23).

⭐ 8. Additional OT parallels between Jerusalem and Mystery Babylon
⭐ Jeremiah 6:6 “This is the city to be visited… wickedness is found in her.”
⭐ Jeremiah 13:27 “Your adulteries, your neighings… I have seen your abominations, O Jerusalem.”
⭐ Lamentations 1–2 (especially 1:8–9, 1:17) Jerusalem’s fall described with language similar to Revelation 18.
⭐ Micah 3:9–12 In the 500s BC Jerusalem is judged, destroyed, and burned → parallel to Rev. 17–18.



Note Revelation 1-12 happened 70 AD, and Jerusalem was called Sodom, and Egypt then. When it is judged again in the future it is called mystery Babylon. Revelation 13-22 is still future.

Revelation 17 2
2 With her the kings of the earth committed adultery, and the inhabitants of the earth were intoxicated with the wine of her adulteries.”

Revelation 18

9 “When the kings of the earth who committed adultery with her and shared her luxury see the smoke of her burning, they will weep and mourn over her. 10 Terrified at her torment, they will stand far off and cry:
“‘Woe! Woe to you, great city,
you mighty city of Babylon!
In one hour your doom has come!’

The kings of the earth - all the political leaders in the world- go to Jerusalem to worship satan at the brick wall which is committing spiritual fornication/adultery - so they can get money from the people that say they are Jews but lie they are the synagogue of satan (SOS) as they own the worlds banking systems. Notice the people are calling the city Babylon- it is no longer a metaphor at that point in time- conclusion- Jerusalem will be renamed BABYLON by the SOS themselves. The reason is they like the tower of Babel concept

Genesis 11 4
Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.”

Zionism for the SOS is the same concept- they say let us make a country for ourselves in Palestine which is where ancient Israel was, and a name for ourselves- "Israel", and let us not be scattered among the nations because of what happened to us in 70 AD. We can trick people into believing we are old covenant Israel (which actually ended with Jesus, then 70 AD never to return again). Also they like the name Babylon because in Daniels Babylon everyone had to worship a golden statue or die just like when the SOS messiah comes everyone will have to worship their messiah or die. Revelation 13 mark of the beast is the hexagram.

Revelation 17 4
4 The woman was dressed in purple and scarlet, and was glittering with gold, precious stones and pearls. She held a golden cup in her hand, filled with abominable things and the filth of her adulteries

Which is what the Levites wore in Exodus 39- Leviticus 2

Exodus 39
39 And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the Lord commanded Moses.
2 And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
3 And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work.
4 They made shoulder pieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together.
5 And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the Lord commanded Moses.
6 And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets are graven, with the names of the children of Israel.
7 And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the Lord commanded Moses.

The church is the third temple the Israel of God born in a day on Pentecost, and believers body has the spirit of God in it but maybe the SOS will build a replica temple of the OT to worship satan in.


Revelation 17
8 The beast, which you saw, once was, now is not, and yet will come up out of the Abyss and go to its destruction.

That could be referring to OT Solomonic Israel when it was at its peak but was not in the first century but will be restored to that (and more).

So Jerusalem will be world capital one day. A huge trade city like New York or London or Sydney or Hong Kong etc. But God will destroy it forever never to return again.
The new Jerusalem is the promise land now

Most of these prophecies were about either the Babylonian, Maccabean or 70 AD judgment on Jerusalem.

⭐ PART 1 — OLD JERUSALEM: THE CITY IN SIN / UNDER JUDGMENT


These verses describe the current/old Jerusalem as:


  • harlot
  • unfaithful
  • judged
  • destroyed
  • not God’s final dwelling place

Isaiah 1:21


“How the faithful city has become a harlot!”


Isaiah 3:8


“Jerusalem is ruined, Judah has fallen…”


Isaiah 29:1–4


Jerusalem (Ariel) will be:


  • besieged
  • humbled
  • brought low

Jeremiah 4:14–18


“O Jerusalem… your wickedness”
Judgment is coming.


Jeremiah 6:6


“This is the city to be punished…”


Jeremiah 13:27


“Your adulteries… I have seen your abominations, O Jerusalem.”


Jeremiah 19:3–11


Jerusalem will be smashed like a potter’s vessel.


Jeremiah 22:5–9


Jerusalem will become a desolation.


Jeremiah 26:18


“Zion shall be plowed like a field…”


Ezekiel 4–5


Jerusalem judged for iniquity.


Ezekiel 12:19–20


Jerusalem becomes waste and desolation.


Ezekiel 16 (entire chapter)


Jerusalem =


  • harlot
  • adulteress
  • worse than Sodom
  • judged by foreign nations

Ezekiel 23 (entire chapter)


Jerusalem (Oholibah) commits harlotry with nations → judged violently.


Micah 3:9–12


Jerusalem will be destroyed, Zion plowed, temple burned.


Lamentations 1–2


Jerusalem sits desolate, destroyed, judged.


Zechariah 7:11–14


God scattered Jerusalem because she refused to obey.


Matthew 23:37–39


“Your house is left to you desolate.”


Luke 19:41–44


Jesus weeps over Jerusalem → predicts its destruction.


Luke 21:20–24


Jerusalem will be


  • surrounded by armies
  • trampled by Gentiles

Revelation 11:8


The old Jerusalem is:


  • the city “where the Lord was crucified”
  • spiritually Sodom and Egypt

This identifies it as the apostate Jerusalem.




⭐ PART 2 — NEW JERUSALEM: THE FUTURE / HEAVENLY CITY OF GOD​


Now the contrast transitions: old city judged → new city replaces it.


Isaiah 2:2–4


Jerusalem in the last days =


  • mountain of YHWH
  • nations come for teaching
  • peace, not war

This is future, restored Jerusalem (fulfilled more fully in New Jerusalem).


Isaiah 4:2–6


A purified remnant in Jerusalem under a cloud of glory → Eden restoration imagery.


Isaiah 12:6


“Great is the Holy One of Israel in your midst.”


Isaiah 52:1–9


Awake, O Zion — restored, redeemed.


Isaiah 54


New covenant Jerusalem =


  • barren woman now fruitful
  • never forsaken again

Quoted by Paul in Galatians 4.


Isaiah 60–62 (major New Jerusalem chapters)​


Highlights:


  • “Arise, shine, your light has come.”
  • Nations bring wealth to Jerusalem.
  • “Your walls Salvation, your gates Praise.”
  • Jerusalem gets a new name from the Lord (Rev. 2:17, Rev. 3:12 connection).

Isaiah 65:17–19


“I create new heavens and a new earth
I create Jerusalem to be a joy.”


This is directly fulfilled in Revelation 21.


Isaiah 66:10–14


Jerusalem as the comforting mother of God’s people.




⭐ PART 3 — NEW JERUSALEM IN THE NEW TESTAMENT​


The NT draws a sharp contrast:


  • Earthly Jerusalem = bondage
  • New Jerusalem = freedom, mother of believers
  • Heavenly Jerusalem = true city of God

Galatians 4:24–26


“Now Hagar corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in bondage
But the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother.”


Clear distinction:


  • “Present Jerusalem” = cursed, enslaved
  • “Jerusalem above” = the true people of God

Hebrews 11:10, 16


Abraham sought a city
“whose builder and maker is God.”


Not earthly Jerusalem.


Hebrews 12:22–23


“You have come to Mount Zion and to the heavenly Jerusalem,
the city of the living God…”


Believers already belong to the heavenly city, not the old earthly one.


Revelation 3:12


Jesus promises believers:
“I will write on him the name of the New Jerusalem.”


Revelation 21:1–2


“I saw the New Jerusalem, coming down from heaven from God.”


Revelation 21:9–27; 22:1–5


New Jerusalem =


  • bride of the Lamb
  • no temple
  • glory of God is its light
  • nations healed
  • river of life
  • tree of life

This is the final and eternal city, replacing the old.




⭐ PART 4 — DIRECT OLD vs NEW JERUSALEM CONTRAST VERSES​


Here are the clearest direct contrasts:


Old Jerusalem = judged​


  • Isa 1:21
  • Jer 6:6
  • Ezek 16
  • Matt 23:37–39
  • Luke 19:41–44
  • Rev 11:8

New Jerusalem = redeemed, heavenly, eternal​


  • Isa 65:17–19
  • Isa 66:22
  • Gal 4:26
  • Heb 12:22
  • Rev 21–22

Old Jerusalem = slavery​


New Jerusalem = freedom​


  • Gal 4:24–26

Old Jerusalem = earthly​


New Jerusalem = heavenly​


  • Heb 12:22
  • Rev 21

Old Jerusalem = harlot​


New Jerusalem = bride​


  • Ezek 16 (harlot)
  • Rev 17 (harlot)
    vs
  • Rev 21 (bride of the Lamb)

Old Jerusalem = desolate​


New Jerusalem = rejoicing​


  • Matt 23:38
    vs
  • Rev 21:3–4



⭐ SUMMARY​


OLD JERUSALEM​


  • sinful
  • adulterous
  • kills prophets
  • judged
  • desolate
  • symbolically Egypt, Sodom, Babylon
  • destroyed in AD 70 (Luke 21; Matt 22; Rev 11)

NEW JERUSALEM​


  • heavenly
  • bride of Christ
  • free
  • transformed
  • holy
  • eternal dwelling of God with His people
  • descends from heaven (Rev. 21)

Everything in Scripture points to a transition:


Old covenant Jerusalem → removed
New covenant Jerusalem → established forever

Revelation 18
4 And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.

5 For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities.

Christians are not supposed to be unequally yoked with Babylon Jerusalem, "Israel" (Christians are Jews Israel Romans 2 28 29 Galatians 6 16), and the synagogue of satan. They should be ignored.
Jesus on the pharisees whom the modern day synagogue of satans religion goes back to

Matthew 15:14

King James Version

14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.

Migrant on the run found hiding in a nativity scene


A migrant on the run from police tried to evade recapture by hiding in a Christmas nativity scene in Italy, apparently pretending to be a shepherd.

The 38-year-old migrant from Ghana was on the run from a conviction for assault and resisting arrest.

He had been sentenced to nine months and 15 days in prison by a court in Bologna but then managed to evade the authorities and ended up in the small town of Galatone in the southern region of Puglia.


The fugitive’s ruse was rumbled when the mayor, who happened to be walking by, noticed a flicker of movement in the festive tableau, which has pride of place in the town in a square called Piazza Crocifisso (the Crucifix Piazza).

Photographs show him lurking at the back of the nativity scene with his arms held out, as if he is trying to mimic one of the life-size statues that made up the diorama.

He is standing amid bales of straw and amphorae, to the right of Joseph and Mary, who are beside the crib where a model of baby Jesus will be placed on Christmas Day.


It's all rather strange!

:rolleyes:

Transmission of 1 Enoch overtime

Assumption of Moses. 1400 BC
Moses dying words to Joshua
Chapter 1

15. And now I tell you that the time of the years of my life is finished and I pass to sleep with my fathers in the sight of all the people. 3 • . . 16. And read thou 4 this writing that thou mayest have regard to the safe-keeping of the books, 5 17. Which I shall deliver thee, which thou shalt arrange and smear with oil of cedar, and lay up in vessels of earthenware in the place which God made from the beginning of the creation of the world 18. That His Name might be called on (there) even to the day of repentance in the visitation, 1 wherewith the Lord will visit them in the consummation of the end of the days.

The books would of included 1 Enoch. Has prophecy about Jesus at the end. The dead sea scrolls were found in earthenware jars near Jerusalem which is the place God chose to visit as Jesus Christ. Hebrews 1 defines last/end of days as Jesus Christ 2000 years ago.

Jubilees written by Moses 1400 BC.
Chapter 7 about Abraham.

And the Lord God said: 'Open his mouth and his ears, that he may hear and speak with his mouth, with the language which has been revealed'; for it had ceased from the mouths of all the children of men from the day of the 26 overthrow (of Babel). And I opened his mouth, and his ears and his lips, and I began to speak 27 with him in Hebrew in the tongue of the creation. And he took the books of his fathers, and these were written in Hebrew, and he transcribed them, and he began from henceforth to study them, and I made known to him that which he could not (understand), and he studied them during the six 28 rainy months.

One of the books of his fathers would of been 1 Enoch. Abrahams life was around 2175 BC - 2000 BC.

Jubilees
Chapter 21

10 Eat its meat on that day and on the second
day, but do not let the sun go down on it until
it is eaten. Let nothing be left over for the
third day, for it is not acceptable. Let it no
longer be eaten, and all who eat of it will bring
sin on themselves, for thus I have found it
written in the books of my forefathers, and in
the words of Enoch, and in the words of
Noah.

Those quotes are not in 1 Enoch so is lost works of Enoch, and Noah.

Jubilees Chapter 8

1
In the twenty-ninth jubilee, in the beginning
of first week, Arpachshad took to himself a
wife and her name was Rasu’eja, the daughter
of Susan, the daughter of Elam, and she gave
birth to a son in the third year in this week,
and he called his name Kainam.
2
The son grew, and his father taught him
writing, and he went to seek for himself a place
where he might seize a city for himself.
3
3
He found writing which former generations
had carved on a rock, and he read what was on
it, and he transcribed it and sinned because of
it, for it contained the teaching of the
Watchers, which they had used to observe the
omens of the sun and moon and stars in all the
signs of heaven.
4
He wrote it down and said nothing of it, for
he was afraid to speak to Noah about it or he
would be angry with him because of it

It is unclear how those writings were on a rock postflood. The 8 people on the ark would not of taken sinful writings aboard the ark as they were all righteous. It sounds like former generations means from before the flood as Cainan was only 4th generation from Noah.


More lost writings of Noah:
“And Noah wrote down all things in a book as we instructed him concerning every kind of medicine. Thus the evil spirits were precluded from (hurting) the sons of Noah. “And he gave all that he had written to Shem, his eldest son; for he loved him exceedingly above all his sons” (Jubilees 10:10–14).

Dead sea scrolls Genesis apocryphon. Written by Lamech, Noah, Enoch, Abraham. Abraham reads Enoch when in Egypt.

But after those five years, three men who were princes of Egypt [came … …] of Pharaoh Zoa[n] about my affairs and about my wife, and they presented [me numerous gifts and aske]d m[e to teach them] values, wisdom, and truth. So I read in their presence the [book of] the words of [En]och [… … …] in the famine which [… … 1 ½ lines garbled … …] with much eating and [much] drinking [… … ] wine [… … … remainder of column, approximately 6-7 lines, lost … …].

"A Biblical Chronology" from the Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q559 Col. 2 M.Wise Trans.
"Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he fathered Isaac. Isaac was sixty years old when he fathered Jacob. Jacob was sixty-five years old when he fathered Levi. He gave to Levi the Book of the Words of Enoch to preserve and pass on".

Enoch 7th from Adams writings were given to Noah, and handed down from Noah sons to Abraham from Abraham sons down to Levi from Levi down to Moses, and then all the way down to the Israelites 300 BC that put some biblical writings in jars near Jerusalem -the dead sea scrolls. There would of been a lot of writings in the temple that got destroyed 70 AD also back in 586 BC. Maybe some are still buried somewhere who knows.

1 Enoch chapter 104

12 And again I know a second mystery, that to the righteous and pious and wise my books will be given for the joy of righteousness and much wisdom. 13 Indeed, to them the books will be given,and they will believe in them, and in them all the righteous will rejoice and be glad, to learn from them all the paths of truth.

Josephus Book 1, Chapter 2, 68-71. Note: He seems to have confused Enoch with Seth here.

.Now this Seth...did leave children behind him who imitated his virtues.... They also were the inventors of that peculiar sort of wisdom which is concerned with the heavenly bodies, and their order. And that their inventions might not be lost before they were sufficiently known, upon Adam's prediction that the world was to be destroyed at one time by the force of fire, and at another time by the violence and quantity of water, they made two pillars; the one of brick, the other of stone: they inscribed their discoveries on them both, that in case the pillar of brick should be destroyed by the flood, the pillar of stone might remain, and exhibit those discoveries to mankind; and also inform them that there was another pillar of brick erected by them. Now this remains in the land of Siriad to this day.



Berossus. "FRAGMENTS OF CHALDÆAN HISTORY, BEROSSUS: FROM ALEXANDER POLYHISTOR. OF THE COSMOGONY AND DELUGE."

Xisuthrus was another Babylon name for Noah. He is called other names in some of their other stories.

After the death of Ardates, his son Xisuthrus reigned eighteen sari. In his time happened a great Deluge; the history of which is thus described. The Deity, Cronus, appeared to him in a vision, and warned him that upon the fifteenth day of the month Dæsius there would be a flood, by which mankind would be destroyed. He therefore enjoined him to write a history of the beginning, procedure, and conclusion of all things; and to bury it in the city of the Sun at Sippara; and to build a vessel, and take with him into it his friends and relations; and to convey on board every thing necessary to sustain life, together with all the different animals; both birds and quadrupeds, and trust himself fearlessly to the deep. Having asked the Deity, whither he was to sail? he was answered,6 "To the Gods:" upon which he offered up a prayer for the good of mankind. He then obeyed the divine admonition: and built a vessel five stadia in length, and two in breadth. Into this he put every thing which he had prepared; and last of all conveyed into it his wife, his children, and his friends.


They, who remained within, finding that their companions did not return, quitted the vessel with many lamentations, and called continually on the name of Xisuthrus. Him they saw no more; but they could distinguish his voice in the air, and could hear him admonish them to pay due regard to religion; and likewise informed them that it was upon account of his piety that he was translated to live with the gods; that his wife and daughter, and the pilot, had obtained the same honour. To this he added, that they should return to Babylonia; and, as it was ordained, search for the writings at Sippara, which they were to make known to all mankind: moreover that the place, wherein they then were, was the land of Armenia. The rest having heard these words, offered sacrifices to the gods; and taking a circuit, journeyed towards Babylonia.

The vessel being thus stranded in Armenia, some part of it yet remains in the Corcyræan7 mountains of Armenia; and the people scrape off the bitumen, with which it had been outwardly coated, and make use of it by way of an alexipharmic and amulet. And when they returned to Babylon, and had found the writings at Sippara, they built cities, and erected temples: and Babylon was thus inhabited again.—Syncel. Chron. 28.—Euseb. Chron. 5. 8.

This is from a website article called: Overshadowed by Enoch’s Greatness: “Two Tablets” Traditions from the Book of Giants to Palaea Historica

I can't find the text they cite online so I don't know the date of the text

The Armenian History of the Forefathers 40-44 deals with the two stelae story. In 45 the narrative continues with the description of Enosh’s preaching:

"40 Sixth, because he [Enosh] set up two pillars against the sons of Cain, these are hope and good works, which they did not have.
41 Seventh, that he made writings and wrote on stela(e) of baked brick and bronze, and he prophesied that the earth will pass through water and fire on account of the sins of humans. And he cast the baked brick into the water and the bronze into the fire, in order to test (them), if the fire was to come first, the bronze would melt, and if the water was to come first, the brick would be destroyed. And by this means he learned that the water was destined to come, and then fire. And these are a work of hope.
42 And the writings on the two stelae told the names of all things, for he knew that by lispers, stutterers and stammerers the language was destined to be corrupted.
43 And they confused and changed the names of the objects that had come into being, which Adam had named and fixed. On this account he wrote (them) on the two stelae and left them, so that if the water came first and destroyed the pillar of baked brick, the bronze writing and names of things would remain, so that after the flood and the passing of times it might come to use.
44 Likewise, also if the fiery flood[42] and the bronze (i.e., stele) melted and ruined the writing, the earthen one might remain more baked. And this is a true action of hope.
45 Eighth, that Enosh preached to his sons to take on a celibate and immaculate way of life, for the sake of the just recompense of God. Two hundred persons, having learned this from him, remembered the life of paradise and established a covenant for themselves to live purely. And they were called “sons of God” on account of hope and of being busy with heavenly desire. For the glory of Christ, our hope."[43]

Ancient authors: Eupolemos, FGrHist 723 F1a-b, as summarized by Alexander Polyhistor (mid-first century BCE), FGrHist 273 F19a, and later cited by Eusebius of Caesarea, Preparation for the Gospel 9.26.1 (+ Clement of Alexandria, Stromata 23.153.4) and 9.17.2-9 (early fourth century CE) (link; link to Greek; link to FGrHist).

Comments: The fragments of Eupolemos’ work that were cited by Alexander Polyhistor in the mid-first century BCE focus on presenting the Israelite figures Abraham and Moses as the source of knowledge and astrology that was passed on to other civilizations, including Phoenicians, Egyptians and Greeks. In this way, ancestors of Israelites and Judeans are presented as the ultimate wise foreigners. The inherent competition with other ethnic groups who made similar claims of civilizational priority is evident. On Abraham and astrology, it is noteworthy that astrological works attributed to Abraham circulated before Vettius Valens wrote in the mid-second century CE (see Anthologies 2.29-30 [external link]).

‗‗‗‗‗‗‗

[Fragment 1, on Moses’ introduction of the alphabet and laws (Eusebius, Preparation 9.26.1 and Clement of Alexandria, Stromata 23.153.4)]

That is what Polyhistor states on this subject. Concerning Moses, the same author again presents many things, which are worth hearing: “Eupolemus states that the first wise man was Moses. He was the first to teach the Judeans letters for writing, and the Phoenicians received them from the Judeans, and the Greeks received them from the Phoenicians. Also, Moses was the first to give written laws to the Judeans.”

In his work On the Kings of Judea, Eupolemus says that Moses was the first wise man and the first person to transmit to the Judeans letters for writing, and Phoenicians received them from Judeans, and Greeks received them from Phoenicians.

[Fragment sometimes attributed to “Pseudo-Eupolemos,” on Abraham’s introduction of astrological knowledge to Phoenicians and Egyptians (Eusebius, Preparation 9.17.2-9) = FGrHist 724 F1]

In his work on the Judeans, Eupolemus states that the city of Babylon in Assyria was first founded by those who escaped from the flood, and that they were giants and built the tower renowned in history. But when the tower had been destroyed by the act of God, the giants were dispersed over the whole earth. He states that in the tenth generation, Abraham, who surpassed all men in nobility and wisdom, was born in Camarina, a city of Babylonia, which some others say was the city Uria (which means the city of the Chaldeans) but in the thirteenth generation. Abraham was also the inventor of astrology and Chaldaean wisdom, and pleased God well by his enthusiasm for piety.

Because of God’s commands, this man came and settled in Phoenicia, and pleased their king by teaching the Phoenicians the movements of the sun and moon and everything like that. Afterwards the Armenians invaded the Phoenicians and, when they had been victorious and had taken his nephew prisoner, Abraham came to the rescue with his household-slaves, prevailed over the captors, and made prisoners of the wives and children of the enemies. When ambassadors came to Abraham asking if he would ransom them for money, he did not choose to trample on the unfortunate but returned the ones he had captured, taking only food for his young men. He was also received as a guest by the city in the temple Argarizin (Gerizim), which means “Mountain of the Most High,” and received gifts from Melchizedek, who was the king and the priest of God.

But when a famine struck, Abraham moved to Egypt with his whole household and settled there. The king of Egypt married Abraham’s wife, since Abraham said that she was his sister. Eupolemos also related fully that the king was unable to have intercourse with her, and that his people and his household were perishing. After he had called for the diviners (manteis), they said that the woman was not a widow. So the king of Egypt learned that she was Abraham’s wife, and gave her back to her husband.

Abraham lived with the Egyptian priests in Heliopolis and taught them many things. It was Abraham who introduced astrology and other similar things to them, saying that the Babylonians and himself had found these things out, but Abraham traced the first discovery back to Enoch. Abraham was saying that Enoch, and not the Egyptians, had first invented astrology. For the Babylonians say that the first man was Belos, who is Kronos; that Belos had the sons Belos and Canaan; and, that this Canaan had the ancestor of the Phoenicians, whose son was Kush (who is called “Asbolos” [literally “Sooty”] by the Greeks). Kush was the ancestor of the Ethiopians [i.e. literally burnt-skinned ones] and a brother of Mestraim, the ancestor of the Egyptians. Now the Greeks say that Atlas invented astrology, but this Atlas is the same as Enoch. The son of Enoch was Methuselah, who learned all things from angels of God, and this is the way knowledge came to us.

Enoch learned all things from angels of God not Methuselah in case that wording is confusing.
‗‗‗‗‗‗‗

Source of the translation: E.H. Gifford, Eusebius: Preparation for the Gospel (Oxford: Clarendon, 1903), public domain, was used as the base for a new translation by Harland, based the critical edition of the Greek by K. Mras, Eusebius: Die Praeparatio evangelica, 2 vols. (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1954).


It seems probably that Enochs writings were written on clay, and stone tablets or stela, taken on the ark, then erected in the ground afterwards for everyone to read until eventually Abraham copied them on to a more portable medium (vellum or papyrus) which he then took to Babylon, taught them astronomy, then went to Egypt, and taught the Egyptians astronomy.

Hello all.

Good evening, morning, afternoon, new day to all viewing my post.
My name is Jasmine, and I am a devoted follower of our Lord and Savior Yeshua Messiah. I hope to connect with fellow believers, have meaningful conversations with non-believers, and to learn alongside you as we peruse through the forums.

I have an inquiry regarding employment, job seeking that may be out of place for "Introduce Yourself, but I was hoping to place a personal summary for my job experience in hopes of securing employment. If anyone could offer advice as to which forum would best for this purpose (Prayer requests, Christian advice, Christian Forum Community Life, Chat with Staff, Young Adults, Christian Forums Blogs, Business, Administration & Management, Christian Forums Marketplace, etc)? I'd like to streamline this effort as to not risk spamming.

I wish everyone well. Here is to the conversations that are to come.

Indiana Senate rejects new House map, defying Trump

The Indiana Senate failed to pass a new GOP-favored House map on Thursday, dealing a major blow to President Trump after he had publicly pressured state lawmakers to approve the new lines.

The upper chamber voted against the map on a 19-31 vote, drawing applause from some within the chamber. [The GOP holds 39 of the 50 seats.]

Trump’s allies immediately slammed the vote, saying they would follow through on that threat to challenge GOP holdouts.

Trump adviser Alex Bruesewitz: “We’ll be launching primary challenges against every last traitor who voted no, effective immediately! Pack your bags, your time is up!”

Indiana Senate Republicans reject Trump’s redistricting push


Indianapolis —
The Indiana Senate on Thursday voted down a plan to redraw the state’s congressional districts to produce two more GOP-friendly seats, rejecting President Donald Trump’s months-long campaign to pressure the Republican supermajority in the deep-red state to bend to his will.

The 31-19 vote saw 21 Republicans join 10 Democrats in voting down the proposed map that would have positioned the GOP, which currently holds seven of Indiana’s nine US House seats, for a sweep of all nine seats in next year’s midterm elections.



I wonder how much of this "Hoosier defiance" from the Indiana state GOP could be a little bit of payback for the way Trump treated (presumably) their former friend, and pretty popular GOP governor, Mike Pence.
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Church is, Church isn't

The Church isn’t (to be)

• A building built by humans with or without a steeple on top​
• A place you go to once or twice a week and then you leave​
• A business of human origin being marketed to the world​
• Incorporated under (joined, included, united with) the state​
• Merged, combined, partnered with the world and the ungodly​

[Matthew 21:12-13; John 2:13-17; Acts 5:27-32; 1 Corinthians 1:10-13; 1 Corinthians 3:1-9; 2 Corinthians 6:14-18; Philippians 3:18-19; Revelation 2:1-29; Revelation 3:1-22; Revelation 13:5-8; Revelation 18:1-5]

The Church is (to be)

• The universal body of believers in Jesus Christ, by faith in Christ​
• A gathering of people of like faith in Jesus Christ as their Lord​
• For the purpose of mutual participation and encouragement​
• For mutual edification, exhortation, and sharing of Spiritual gifts​
• For the spiritual upbuilding of the body of Christ to spiritual maturity​

[Acts 2:14-18,42-47; Romans 12:1-8; 1 Corinthians 12:1-31; 1 Corinthians 14:1-5; Galatians 6:1; Ephesians 2:8-10; Ephesians 4:1-16; Ephesians 5:15-21; Ephesians 6:10-20; Philippians 2:1-8; Colossians 3:12-16; Titus 2:11-14; Hebrews 3:13; Hebrews 10:23-25; James 5:19-20]

Therefore, when we gather together as the church, the body of believers in Jesus Christ, by God-gifted and God-persuaded faith in our Lord, it is for the purpose of our mutual encouragement and edification where each part is able to do its work, as we have been gifted by the Holy Spirit in spiritual gifts, and as we have been given our assignments by God as to our specific body parts (roles, ministries) within the body of believers in Jesus Christ.

So, this is not a “one man show,” where one man does all the preaching, and leads every gathering, and whose sermons are never tested to see if they are of God or not… And where the “pastor” is treated more like a CEO of a corporation, or more like a cult leader who is surrounded by a faithful few who are protecting him and his position, regardless of whether he is right or wrong, or if he is living the Christian life, or not, which is all about running a business. And it is not about a show, period, where a few gifted and talented people (in speaking and in music) put on a stage production intended to draw in large crowds of people from the world into their gatherings.

Yes, the early church had overseers, but they were overseers of the entire church (the body of believers in Christ) within a particular city, so they were not the singular pastors of all these gatherings, which usually met in people’s homes, which is where the people were able to share their gifts and mutual encouragements. And since the body of Christ was to meet daily, and to encourage one another daily, and they met in people’s homes, it may be that there wasn’t always an overseer at every one of their gatherings.

Now, the body of Christ cannot function as the biblical body of Christ in large gatherings where a few people put on the show while the rest of the people largely sit in pews or chairs as spectators, and then they go home and live their normal lives until the next week. The Bible, in fact, teaches that we are to be speaking the truth of God’s word to one another in love, and we are to be speaking to one another in spiritual songs, and we are to be admonishing and teaching one another, and exhorting one another EVERY DAY.

Do we need overseers? Yes! But the shepherds of the people are not to be the only ones doing the talking and the preaching and sharing of gifts. But they are to be those who are leading the sheep in how they are to live and operate together as the body of Christ, who are training and equipping the saints of God in the work of the ministry. For all of us are to be ministers, not just one person. And those who are overseers need to meet the spiritual qualifications of an overseer, and they need to be accountable to the church.

“Rather, speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ, from whom the whole body, joined and held together by every joint with which it is equipped, when each part is working properly, makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love” (Ephesians 4:15-16). “But as it is, God arranged the members in the body, each one of them, as he chose. If all were a single member, where would the body be? As it is, there are many parts, yet one body” (1 Corinthians 12:18-20).

No Less

An Original Work / March 19, 2012
Christ’s Free Servant, Sue J Love


I can do no less than praise You,
Lord, for all You’ve done for me.
You died for my sins to save me,
So I would be set free.
I adore You! Lord, I praise You!
Jesus, Savior, King of kings!
You provided my redemption.
Your grace has pardoned me.

I can do no less than serve You.
Lord, Your witness I would be,
Telling others of Your love,
And why You died on that tree.
Tell of how You gave of Your life,
So from sin we’d be set free,
So we could worship You forever,
And live eternally.

I can do no less than love You,
Lord, for You have first loved me.
You gave of Your life so willing,
Because You cared for me.
Turn from my sin! Obey freely!
Live for You each passing day.
Read Your word, and follow Your lead,
Lord, as I humbly pray.

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Church is, Church isn’t
An Original Work / December 11, 2025
Christ’s Free Servant, Sue J Love
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US facing second measles surge this year as outbreak accelerates in South Carolina

As multiple measles outbreaks simmer across the United States, cases are accumulating nearly as quickly as when the West Texas outbreak was at its peak this spring. There were 84 new measles cases reported in the past week nationwide, according to data posted Wednesday by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That’s more cases than have been reported in a single week since April, when there was an average of about 100 new cases per week. Texas hasn’t reported any new measles cases since state officials declared that the outbreak there was over in mid-August. Now, case counts are growing quickly in South Carolina, where state health officials say more than 250 people are in quarantine after possible exposure and 16 are in isolation because of illness. Some of them are in quarantine for a second time because they did not acquire additional protection — through vaccination or natural immunity from an infection — since the first exposure, state epidemiologist Dr. Linda Bell said at a briefing Wednesday.-CNN
1765493011927.png

What does one expect to happen when cocktail of antivaxxers and conspiracy theorists are in control?

Bible distribution amidst floods. Prayer counters fear. 11 sentenced to 3 to 15 years.

Bible distribution continues in Pakistan despite devestating floods.

While flooded rivers and fields have made travel difficult in Pakistan, some Christian teams continue to carry on the important work of distributing Bibles there. Devastating floods have led to the deaths of more than 800 people and forced over 1 million Pakistanis to evacuate their homes and villages. “Please pray for them,” said a front-line worker. “It is very difficult, and they need to know where they can go because of the many flooded areas and also because of ongoing security threats.” Around 2% of Pakistan’s population, roughly about 4 million people, are believed to be Christians. Even during dry seasons, Christians must use care in distributing Bibles, knowing the opposition they could face at the hands of fanatical Muslims.

Click here to find out about Christian persecution in Pakistan and learn how to pray.

Commitment to prayer counters fear.

For Christians in Buddhist-dominated Bhutan, fear of the government and the reaction of neighbors to Christian witness runs deep. Anti-conversion laws can bring punishments up to life imprisonment for carrying out the activities of the Christian faith. However, many faithful brothers and sisters in Christ remain committed to him despite the risk. A front-line worker shared the example of one Christian woman dedicated to praying continuously. Seven days each week, she comes to the church to pray, returning home only to sleep. “Her trust and passion for the Lord was humbling,” the worker said. Pray for Bhutanese Christians to have strength and courage to persevere in the face of fears and pressure. Pray also for protection and encouragement for those who are facing opposition, imprisonment or family rejection.

Click here to find out about Christian persecution in Bhutan and learn how to pray.

Sentenced for practicing their faith.

Eleven Christians in Libya have been sentenced to 3 to 15 years in prison for practicing their faith. The 11 were arrested in March 2023 and sentenced in April 2025. Members of the group, which includes 9 Libyan men, one woman and one Pakistani national, were sentenced on several charges including “insulting Islam” and “calling for the establishment of a banned group,” according to various reports. They also faced charges of apostasy for converting from Islam and could have been sentenced to death, but the court did not pursue that penalty. Pray that our imprisoned brothers and sister will stand firm in their faith amid the challenges of prison; that they will have opportunities to share the gospel with their fellow inmates; and that they will be released. Pray also for their families to experience God’s comfort and provision.

Click here to find out about Christian persecution in Libya and learn how to pray.
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Federal grand juries in Chicago are also rejecting Trump's Justice Department

U.S. Attorney Jeanine Pirro is no stranger to losing grand jury cases, but now that federal agents have moved into Chicago, prosecutors there are being blocked from prosecutions, too.

The first time it happened in November, a magistrate judge said that until recently, he'd only ever heard of a grand jury rejecting a prosecution once in the "early part of this century." Now it's happened three times in the past few months.

Nathan Griffin, who is a manager of the Lake View comedy club, the Laugh Factory, was accused of assaulting a U.S. Border Patrol agent who was involved in the operation. He was accused of trying to shut a car door when the agent was getting out of the car.

While grand juries have cleared three people, at least 13 defendants have had charges against them dropped that are connected to the "Operation Midway Blitz" efforts.

Thus far, prosecutors have not secured a single conviction of individuals arrested for charges connected to "Midway Blitz," the report said.

Skipping 'The Skipper' Sanctions: A blatant theft? And, an international act of piracy??

The Skipper. That is the name of the sanctioned, Venezuelan oil tanker which the US Coast Guard seized yesterday.

Pam Bondi feels like it was headed to Iran, to help perfect their terrorism against USA interests.
Do you think this was legal, or it was blatant theft by the Trump DoD? And, an international act of piracy??

The Venezuelen GOVT feels it was those things, if you go by the report from an NBC News affiliate: Login to view embedded media

Virginia church rallies behind Iranian sisters detained by immigration enforcement

A Virginia church is rallying behind two Iranian sisters active in the congregation who were recently detained by immigration enforcement officials in the U.S. Virgin Islands while traveling after Thanksgiving.

The U.S. Border Patrol Ramey Sector posted on its Facebook account last week that agents "encountered two illegal aliens from Iran" in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.

Ramey Sector agents responded and assumed custody of the individuals. Both subjects are being processed for removal proceedings," stated the Puerto Rico-based Ramey Sector.

"[U.S. Customs and Border Protection] in Puerto Rico and in the U.S. Virgin Islands remains committed to securing our borders and safeguarding our communities."

According to a CBP statement last week, "CBP officers were conducting outbound operations at the Cyril E. King Airport when they encountered two Iranian national women who were determined to be illegally present in the U.S."

"No fun in the sun when you are unlawfully present," CBP stated. "In coordination with US Border Patrol Ramey Sector agents, the two women were arrested and transported to be processed for removal."

Continued below.

Indiana QB, Heisman finalist Fernando Mendoza gives 'all the glory to God' after Big Ten championship

Indiana University star quarterback Fernando Mendoza, who is among the favorites for this year's Heisman Trophy and was named Associated Press Player of the Year on Thursday, gave God the glory after the Hoosiers earned a spot in the College Football Playoff.

"I want to give all the glory to God," the redshirt junior said in an interview with FOX Sports after the Hoosiers won the Big Ten Championship Saturday with a victory over No. 2-ranked Ohio State University.

“We were never supposed to be in this position," Mendoza insisted, as the Big 10 also includes powerhouse programs like Ohio State, Michigan and Oregon.

"But by the glory of God, the great coaches, great teammates, everybody we have around us, we were able to pull this off."

As the interview concluded, Mendoza turned to the camera and said, "God bless, go Hoosiers!"

Mendoza has consistently used his platform to share his Catholic faith.

Continued below.

Netflix's promotion of LGBT themes, sexual preferences in kids' shows 'pervasive': report

At least 41% of G-rated series and 41% of TV-Y7-rated series on Netflix feature LGBT content, including trans-identifying characters and same-sex couples, according to a new study.

The new report, "LGBTQ Messaging Pervasive In Netflix Children's Programming," compiles references to LGBT-related messages and storylines across 326 Netflix shows aimed at children.

The study, released by the Washington-based Christian conservative advocacy group Concerned Women for America, analyzed licensed and original shows on the streaming platform, with ratings ranging from TV-G, TV-Y or TV-Y7.

The study, released by the Washington-based Christian conservative advocacy group Concerned Women for America, analyzed licensed and original shows on the streaming platform, with ratings ranging from TV-G, TV-Y or TV-Y7.

"Netflix's anti-child, anti-family agenda has finally been exposed — its children's programming has been infiltrated by adult preoccupations with sexual preferences and gender identity," CWA President and CEO Penny Nance said in a statement shared with The Christian Post.

Continued below.

DEI is 'primary vehicle' for antisemitism, watchdog group warns

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion has become a “primary vehicle” for antisemitism in American academia, according to a watchdog group that released a report finding 58% of Jewish students reported experiencing antisemitism on campus, yet only 12% felt the incidents were properly investigated.

StopAntisemitism, a watchdog group dedicated to documenting violent incidents and hostile acts against Jews, evaluated 90 academic institutions as part of its “2025 Antisemitism on U.S. College & University Campuses” report.

”Even since the recent Gaza ceasefire agreement, antisemitism remains loud, bold, and unchecked, revealing that none of this is about Israel but instead it is about Jew-hatred, plain and simple," the report declared. "Coordinated protests, ideological harassment, and institutional apathy continue to endanger Jewish students."

According to a nationwide survey of Jewish students enrolled at these schools, 39% hid their Jewish identity, and 62% said they were directly blamed for Israel’s actions. Sixty-five percent of Jewish students reported that they felt unwelcome in certain spaces on campus, and 39% felt DEI initiatives included Jews.
“These findings confirm the harsh reality that Jewish students are being marginalized in institutions that claim to champion diversity and inclusion but instead amplify division and exclusion,” the report stated. “Their safety and dignity are treated as negotiable and often dismissed entirely.”

Continued below.

The Rise and Fall of Liberal Catholicism in the Netherlands

Before Pius IX had restored the episcopal hierarchy in 1853 with the papal bull Ex Qua Die (1853), Catholics in the Netherlands were forbidden by law to publicly manifest their Faith. The Church was reduced to scattered groups, which would secretly gather for Mass celebrated by fugitive priests inside sheds, attics and warehouses.

The Netherlands was left without bishops after the last Vicar Apostolic of the Netherlands signed a notarial act in 1709, resigning from the mission entrusted to him by the Holy See. Thus, many Catholics in the Missio Hollandica were deprived of the sacrament of confirmation.1

Only after the French Revolution, did the status of the Church in the Netherlands improve slightly, whereby Catholics in the nineteenth century started to mobilize against the persecution of the Church.

This fight was initially led by the convert Joachim le Sage ten Broek. In 1818, he founded the monthly magazine De Godsdienstvriend and in 1835 the weekly magazine Catholijke Nederlandse Stemmen. The Catholic leader frequently engaged in polemics with Protestants and also inspired the founding of other Catholic magazines and newspapers in the Netherlands.2

Continued below.

Leo and Bartholomew in Nicaea A reunification of Orthodoxy with Catholicism could remind each of what was lost in the schism.

Fr. Jason Charron

In the wake of the 1,700-year commemoration of the Council of Nicaea, where Pope Leo XIV and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I stood together on the soil of ancient İznik, the question of Church unity has taken on renewed urgency. Their meeting, at once liturgical and symbolic, recalled not only a shared origin but the enduring divergence of temperament that has shaped East and West. If unity is to be more than diplomatic choreography, it must engage the deeper currents of the distinct theological “styles” that define Catholicism and Orthodoxy.

The modern pursuit of communion between Rome and Constantinople often imagines unity as the work of theologians, hierarchs, or ecumenical commissions. Yet beneath formal theology lies temperament, and beneath temperament lies worldview; and renewing that is the obligation of all the baptized (Romans 12:2). Permit me to borrow a helpful analogy from a world I love, that of chess. Some openings are universal: resilient systems built on enduring principles that can withstand any opponent. Others are particular: brilliant and precise but dependent on specific conditions and upon the subjectivity of your opponent. This tension between the universal and the particular, between adaptability and rootedness, sheds light on the contrasting ecclesial genius of Catholicism and Orthodoxy.

In chess, the universal player builds upon the enduring principles of control over the center, development, and security. These principles are fixed, and the player who follows that develops a confidence which lies not in predicting the opponent but in trusting the integrity of the system. So too, Catholicism, both by etymology and by theological instinct, embodies this universal mode.

Continued below.

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