Here is a more in depth answer that may better explain some things. The Bible describes God as holy...
You should credit your sources. You copy/pasted that from
http://www.gotquestions.org/God-allow-evil.html
That said, I agree it's quite relevant =)
Fortran said:
But why then does send only some unmerited good and not prevent any suffering?" and "The idea that [God] micromanages this world, is just something I am really struggling to hold onto.
I do not believe that God micromanaging the world is the only valid theory. I believe God does intervene, but not necessarily all the time. God has set up the laws of nature, and they act just well all on their own (which is why humans can use science to accomplish things). The passage in James can be interpreted as meaning "God designed good things, so when you receive something good, thank/praise God for it" instead of "God specifically gives you every individual good thing you receive". Further, as indicated by others in this thread, there is much we do not know about the spiritual realm and the war being fought there (my point being God could be quite active there). Further, God is not inactive in our world - ranging from miracles, emotional comfort (I have personally prayed for help in this area during particularly distressing times and received calmness), Biblical reminders/thoughts/nudges, and likely others I'm not as familiar with.
Indeed, you (and me) do not deserve these good things (for we have all sinned -- a rebellion against God is punishable by death), but God is withholding punishment until later. If He punished us immediately, we'd just all be dead, which evidently doesn't serve His goal for creation (seeing as we're still here
). In fact, Jesus talks about this concept in Matthew 13:24-43 (the Parable of the Weeds), which essentially suggests that removing all evil would also remove some of the good. (Indeed, if it were not so, what reason would God have for not removing the evil immediately?)
why would God 'soften' the heart of a fleeing husband, but not the heart of an Islamic extremists butchering those of other faiths
Free will is the major factor. Though I wholeheartedly disagree with EastCoastRemnant that God "cannot over rule men's free will", I do believe that God chooses not to (at least when it comes to whether the individual chooses to serve/follow God or not -- think of when God has hardened the hearts of some individuals, like the Egyptian Pharaoh in the Old Testament). If a person has chosen their path, it is pointless for God to force them in a completely different direction. I believe that article from gotquestions.org is quite relevant in explaining this.
I found one source (in my quest for the very information you are seeking) that gives an interesting theory.
http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/natural_evil_theodicity.html
I thoroughly recommend reading the entire article yourself, but in case you are short on time, perhaps this quote might help: "The universe must operate through reliable physical laws, since it would be impossible for sentient creatures to make sense of a universe in which the physical laws were randomly applied. The Bible explicitly says that God fixed the laws that govern the universe." (they quote Job 38:33 and Jeremiah 31:35-36 in defense of this idea). They then suggest that getting rid of things like natural disasters would violate this (or one of the other 3 premises they suggest God had in mind when creating the universe and its laws). They demonstrate that many things, like earthquakes, could not be simply "removed" without creating greater evils!
Yes, God could theoretically intervene at every disaster (to prevent it), but that would violate the premise I quoted above. Further, letting people die does not violate God's goodness - that person is dead physically, but their soul is still intact. Physical death feels like a bad thing, but in reality I don't think it is all that bad - it's the spiritual situation which matters. God will judge people fairly, too, so if someone dies young because of a disaster (without knowing about God), less will be expected of him/her than someone who thoroughly knows about God's teachings and rejects them.
Have the posts in this thread satisfactorily answered your questions? (I see you mention that you're unsure how God could be loving - it would definitely be good to address any confusion in that matter! I can relate: not too long ago, I believed (though only for a day or so) that God definitely existed, but that He wasn't particularly good or loving! I encourage you to keep seeking answers - I believe God wants us to seek the truth, as this will lead us to Him... even if the journey takes a while.)