The thing I find funny about Fahrenheit 451 is that it is about how materialism and cheap entertainment lead people to forget about everything that is important in life (like reading books), but it is praised by people who claim that it is about the dangers of censorship and are amazed when Bradbury says its about his distaste for modern entertainment (thus showing that many praising it never actually read the book).
If you are looking for Catholic science fiction, Gene Wolfe's Solar Cycle (The Shadow of the Torturer, The Claw of the Conciliator, The Sword of the Lictor, The Citadel of the Autarch, The Urth of the New Sun, Nightside the Long Sun, Lake of the Long Sun, Calde of the Long Sun, Exodus from the Long Sun, On Blue's Waters, In Green's Jungles and finally Return to the Whorl) is probably the best that there is. The Catholic themes are subtle at first but pretty unmissable by the end of the ride. I particularly like it because the character of Silk, more or less the hero of the last seven books, is a good portrayal of someone who is probably a saint and his struggle to know God is very relateable. It's also kind of fun how the series initially seems to be intensely anti-Catholic (for example, the first protagonist is a member of an order of torturers who have many aesthetic similarities to Catholic priests), but under the surface it is fundamentally Catholic. There are many blatant biblical parallels that you will probably miss on the first read, and many biblical parallels that mean something other than what you might think on the first read.
It's a long series, so don't buy it all at once. If you don't like the first book, Nightside the Long Sun is an appropriate jumping in point, and it is more explicitly Catholic from the first line. (The main character receives an epiphany from what is pretty clearly the real God to a Catholic reader, even though the character is a priest of many false gods. The book is primarily about his response to this event.)
Another very strong piece of Catholic fiction is Eifelheim by Michael Flynn, which is essentially about an alien ship crash landing in medieval Germany.
A book with a similar theme, but not written by a Catholic, is The High Crusade by Poul Anderson. Here the aliens arrive in England, are malevolent, but the English manage to turn the tables on them and bring the fight to their homeworlds. Overall Catholicism is handled pretty well, even though Poul Anderson was certainly not Catholic.
John C. Wright is a Catholic author (formerly atheist) that I enjoy very much, but I can't think of a story of his which is at its core as Catholic as the above. Catholicism plays an important role in the Count to a Trillion series, but as the only players on stage who are strongly Catholic are two villains and the main character is really only nominally so it might not feel like a "Catholic Science Fiction" series. At least, not to the extent that A Canticle for Leibowitz (about Catholic monks) or Gene Wolfe's solar cycle (filled with religious imagery, even if it is not always obvious) are.
