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The Kingdoms of Central Asia - Sogdiana / Samarkand / Bactria
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<blockquote data-quote="philadelphos" data-source="post: 76914097" data-attributes="member: 420433"><p>Archaeological evidence and historical evidence supports idol worship in Central Asia, at least in the wealthy established cities. Findings as early as 650 BC predates Confucianism & Taoism when numerous 'gods' were worshipped, also predating dynastic imperial China. It was still 'Ancient China' then. Farming methods, fire-making, and medicine, were undergoing trial and error, and worship of such things hadn't happened. There was no superstition surrounding this until some generations later.</p><p></p><p>Central Asians and Zoroastrians however had been worshipping such things, which evidently spread throughout Chinese religion/culture. Many influences apparently.</p><p></p><p>Quote:</p><p></p><p>Two temples stood on artificial platforms within this sacred precinct, which priests entered by means of a ramp and a portico gateway (aivan). Temple I was dedicated to <strong>Adhvagh</strong>, the “great god,” as the Sogdians called <strong>Ahura Mazda</strong>, the chief deity of the Zoroastrian/Mazdean pantheon. Temple II was dedicated to <strong>Nana</strong>, the patron goddess of Panjikent, but it also housed chapels dedicated to several local, Iranian, and Hindu deities, all of which reflect a distinctly Sogdian acceptance of other religious traditions. Within the sanctuaries, priests organized ritual processions and performed <strong>rites involving lighting fires on altars</strong> in front of carved sculptures set into large niches. On some holidays, Panjikenters made <strong>food offerings</strong> at the temple to celebrate their ancestors and held feasts within the temple. Murals throughout the temples depicted deities and donors who sought divine blessings.</p><p></p><p>The City of Panjikent and Sogdian Town-Planning, <a href="https://sogdians.si.edu/sidebars/the-city-of-panjikent-and-sogdian-town-planning/" target="_blank">The City of Panjikent and Sogdian Town-Planning | The Sogdians</a></p><p></p><p>Imperial China arrived under Qin (Ceon 秦) in 221–206 BC. Cao 曹 who unified/tyrannised China is a Sogdian name, from Central Asia. His forces came from the Western fringes, later known as the Western state of Qin/Ceon (秦國). Similarly, the Near East (Syria/Persia) and the Roman Empire were referred to as 'Big/large/great Qin/Ceon' (大秦), indicating both scale and the foreign and 'Western' origin of this empire or model of reign. Their appearance, metallurgy, and military/warfare skills, were exceptional.</p><p></p><p>Quote:</p><p></p><p>The surnames of known Sogdians living in China are often linked to specific Sogdian cities where they or their ancestors originated. For example, Shi Jun’s last name, Shi 史, indicates that his ancestors emigrated from Kesh (modern Shahr-i Sabz, about eighty kilometers south of Samarkand), while An Qie’s, An 安, connects his family to Bukhara . Such surnames also include Kang 康 (Samarkand ); Shi 石 (Chach, modern Tashkent ); Cao 曹 (Kabudhan, north of the Zerafshan River ); He 何 (Kushaniya, northwest of Samarkand ); Mi 米 (Maymurgh, the area around Panjikent , sixty kilometers east of Samarkand); and a few others. Collectively they are best known as the “nine surnames of Zhaowu” (Zhaowu<em> jiuxing</em> 昭武九姓), since the Chinese believed that Sogdians originally made their base at Zhaowu 昭武 or Guzang 姑臧 in the Hexi Corridor (Hexi Zoulang 河西走廊, in Gansu Province). <strong>In reality, however, they came from much farther west.</strong></p><p></p><p>The Nine Sogdian Surnames, <a href="https://sogdians.si.edu/sidebars/the-nine-sogdian-surnames/" target="_blank">The Nine Sogdian Surnames | The Sogdians</a></p><p></p><p>Similarly, the Ancient Chinese kingdom of the Zhou Dynasty, that was intertwined with the founding clans/families of China and the first Chinese 'emperor', is of <em>Hebrew</em> origin, from Persian Jews.</p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">艾 āi Mugwort (daisy like plant)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">⽯ shí Stone</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">⾼ gāo High</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">⾦ jīn Gold</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">李 lǐ Plum,</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>張 zhāng</strong> (Cheung) Name of a founder of Han dynasty</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>趙 zhào</strong> (or Chou) Name of a state in Zhou dynasty</li> </ul><p>These Are The Names: Studies in Jewish Onomastics, 2003, <a href="https://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/Judaism/Demsky%20-%20Kaifeng%20Jewish%20names.pdf" target="_blank">https://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/Judaism/Demsky - Kaifeng Jewish names.pdf</a></p><p></p><p>[ATTACH=full]321008[/ATTACH]</p><p></p><p>Per Gen 32:33, "Therefore the children of Israel <strong>eat not of the sinew</strong> which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob's thigh in the sinew that shrank."</p><p></p><p>Jewish Currents, The Long History of Chinese Jews, 2016, <a href="https://jewishcurrents.org/the-long-history-of-chinese-jews" target="_blank">The Long History of Chinese Jews</a></p><p></p><p>Quote:</p><p></p><p>During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), a Ming emperor assigned seven surnames to Jews, by which they are still known today: Ai, Shi, Gao, Jin, Li, Zhang, and Zhao. Of these, Jin and Shi are reminiscent of Western Jewish names: Gold and Stone. The 1489 inscription lists seven others: Yen, Kao, Mu, Huang, Nie, An, Zuo, Bai, and Zhou. Apparently, only seven names survived after 1642.</p><p></p><p>The naming system is the same as Ashkenazic Jews: Berg and Stein, from Yiddish, barg (mountain) and shteyn (stone). More on this later.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="philadelphos, post: 76914097, member: 420433"] Archaeological evidence and historical evidence supports idol worship in Central Asia, at least in the wealthy established cities. Findings as early as 650 BC predates Confucianism & Taoism when numerous 'gods' were worshipped, also predating dynastic imperial China. It was still 'Ancient China' then. Farming methods, fire-making, and medicine, were undergoing trial and error, and worship of such things hadn't happened. There was no superstition surrounding this until some generations later. Central Asians and Zoroastrians however had been worshipping such things, which evidently spread throughout Chinese religion/culture. Many influences apparently. Quote: Two temples stood on artificial platforms within this sacred precinct, which priests entered by means of a ramp and a portico gateway (aivan). Temple I was dedicated to [B]Adhvagh[/B], the “great god,” as the Sogdians called [B]Ahura Mazda[/B], the chief deity of the Zoroastrian/Mazdean pantheon. Temple II was dedicated to [B]Nana[/B], the patron goddess of Panjikent, but it also housed chapels dedicated to several local, Iranian, and Hindu deities, all of which reflect a distinctly Sogdian acceptance of other religious traditions. Within the sanctuaries, priests organized ritual processions and performed [B]rites involving lighting fires on altars[/B] in front of carved sculptures set into large niches. On some holidays, Panjikenters made [B]food offerings[/B] at the temple to celebrate their ancestors and held feasts within the temple. Murals throughout the temples depicted deities and donors who sought divine blessings. The City of Panjikent and Sogdian Town-Planning, [URL="https://sogdians.si.edu/sidebars/the-city-of-panjikent-and-sogdian-town-planning/"]The City of Panjikent and Sogdian Town-Planning | The Sogdians[/URL] Imperial China arrived under Qin (Ceon 秦) in 221–206 BC. Cao 曹 who unified/tyrannised China is a Sogdian name, from Central Asia. His forces came from the Western fringes, later known as the Western state of Qin/Ceon (秦國). Similarly, the Near East (Syria/Persia) and the Roman Empire were referred to as 'Big/large/great Qin/Ceon' (大秦), indicating both scale and the foreign and 'Western' origin of this empire or model of reign. Their appearance, metallurgy, and military/warfare skills, were exceptional. Quote: The surnames of known Sogdians living in China are often linked to specific Sogdian cities where they or their ancestors originated. For example, Shi Jun’s last name, Shi 史, indicates that his ancestors emigrated from Kesh (modern Shahr-i Sabz, about eighty kilometers south of Samarkand), while An Qie’s, An 安, connects his family to Bukhara . Such surnames also include Kang 康 (Samarkand ); Shi 石 (Chach, modern Tashkent ); Cao 曹 (Kabudhan, north of the Zerafshan River ); He 何 (Kushaniya, northwest of Samarkand ); Mi 米 (Maymurgh, the area around Panjikent , sixty kilometers east of Samarkand); and a few others. Collectively they are best known as the “nine surnames of Zhaowu” (Zhaowu[I] jiuxing[/I] 昭武九姓), since the Chinese believed that Sogdians originally made their base at Zhaowu 昭武 or Guzang 姑臧 in the Hexi Corridor (Hexi Zoulang 河西走廊, in Gansu Province). [B]In reality, however, they came from much farther west.[/B] The Nine Sogdian Surnames, [URL="https://sogdians.si.edu/sidebars/the-nine-sogdian-surnames/"]The Nine Sogdian Surnames | The Sogdians[/URL] Similarly, the Ancient Chinese kingdom of the Zhou Dynasty, that was intertwined with the founding clans/families of China and the first Chinese 'emperor', is of [I]Hebrew[/I] origin, from Persian Jews. [LIST] [*]艾 āi Mugwort (daisy like plant) [*]⽯ shí Stone [*]⾼ gāo High [*]⾦ jīn Gold [*]李 lǐ Plum, [*][B]張 zhāng[/B] (Cheung) Name of a founder of Han dynasty [*][B]趙 zhào[/B] (or Chou) Name of a state in Zhou dynasty [/LIST] These Are The Names: Studies in Jewish Onomastics, 2003, [URL='https://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/Judaism/Demsky%20-%20Kaifeng%20Jewish%20names.pdf']https://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/Judaism/Demsky - Kaifeng Jewish names.pdf[/URL] [ATTACH=full]321008[/ATTACH] Per Gen 32:33, "Therefore the children of Israel [B]eat not of the sinew[/B] which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob's thigh in the sinew that shrank." Jewish Currents, The Long History of Chinese Jews, 2016, [URL='https://jewishcurrents.org/the-long-history-of-chinese-jews']The Long History of Chinese Jews[/URL] Quote: During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), a Ming emperor assigned seven surnames to Jews, by which they are still known today: Ai, Shi, Gao, Jin, Li, Zhang, and Zhao. Of these, Jin and Shi are reminiscent of Western Jewish names: Gold and Stone. The 1489 inscription lists seven others: Yen, Kao, Mu, Huang, Nie, An, Zuo, Bai, and Zhou. Apparently, only seven names survived after 1642. The naming system is the same as Ashkenazic Jews: Berg and Stein, from Yiddish, barg (mountain) and shteyn (stone). More on this later. [/QUOTE]
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