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Discussion and Debate
Discussion and Debate
Ethics & Morality
Kid's Corporal Punishment - a Risk to Mental Health
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<blockquote data-quote="stevevw" data-source="post: 77651797" data-attributes="member: 342064"><p>I take note of your reply in the other post. But as far as evidence for how people are primed to abuse and be violent I think we first have to establish what we are talking about. </p><p></p><p>I think that to establish whether someone has been primed to believe in abuse and violence we need to understand generally how and why people come to believe what they believe. The mechanisms and reasons for particular cognitions, emotions, perceptions and beliefs behind behaviour. Do you agree with this. </p><p></p><p>This is false. The vast majority of abuse and violence happens in the most disadvantagious and devastated communities. In some extreme cases up to 98% of all violence happpens in the most deprived and disadvantaged communities. </p><p> </p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)">Individual economic hardship can also increase the risk for physical and emotional abuse. Indeed, </span><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><strong>children in low socioeconomic households are 3 times more likely to experience abuse</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"> compared to their more affluent peers.</span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)">Researchers have commonly relied upon the Family Stress Model (FSM) of Economic Hardship (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R6" target="_blank">Conger et al., 1994</a>) to understand the ways in which economic hardships can relate to negative child outcomes. The model proposes that </span><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><strong>economic hardships can disrupt positive family processes, evoking parental depression, stress, and anxiety.</strong></span> <span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><strong>Such mental health stressors, in turn, increases the likelihood of fighting and distress between spouses, increased parental hostility, and other negative parenting behaviors</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"> (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R6" target="_blank">Conger et al., 1994</a>; <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R28" target="_blank">Mistry et al, 2002</a>; <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R31" target="_blank">Newland et al., 2013</a>). </span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)">As a result, </span><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><strong>children in families experiencing economic shocks are more likely to witness their parents’ emotional distress and to experience harsh and inconsistent discipline practices</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"> (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R6" target="_blank">Conger et al., 1994</a>). Prior studies have found economic hardships to be related to increased risk for harsh parenting and maltreatment (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R30" target="_blank">Neppl et al., 2016</a>; <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R43" target="_blank">Yang, 2014</a>).</span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)">[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#:~:text=Individual%20economic%20hardship%20can%20also,et%20al.%2C%202010).[/URL]</span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)">Children in families of higher socio-economic position (SEP), as indicated by educational level of respondent or partner, and household wealth index, will be at lower risk of experiencing abuse compared to those of lower SEP. The finding that living in </span><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><strong>households with poorer wealth quintile increased the likelihood of a child being struck and slapped</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"> is concordant with other studies, </span></em></p><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729331/" target="_blank">Social determinants of child abuse: evidence of factors associated with maternal abuse from the Egypt demographic and health survey</a></p><p> </p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)">There is a </span><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><strong>strong association between families’ socio-economic circumstances and the chances that their children will experience child abuse</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"> and neglect. The evidence repeatedly points to this conclusion across developed countries, types of abuse, definitions, measures and research approaches and in different child protection systems.ii </span></em></p><p> </p><p><em><span style="color: rgb(44, 130, 201)"><strong>There is a gradient in the relationship between families’ socio-economic circumstances and rates of child abuse</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(84, 172, 210)"> and neglect that mirrors the inequalities that appear in health and education – the greater the economic disadvantage, the greater the likelihood and severity of child maltreatment.iii </span></em></p><p><a href="https://www.benevolent.org.au/ArticleDocuments/406/Policy%20Position%20-%20Poverty%20and%20Child%20Abuse%20and%20Neglect.pdf.aspx" target="_blank">Policy Position - Poverty and Child Abuse and Neglect</a></p><p></p><p>There is a gradient relationships between increasings rates of child abuse and increases towards the lowest percentile of socioeconomic status. </p><p></p><p>There is no perspective to understanding a radical ideology that justifies brutalizing, raping and killing innocents. There is a case that we should try to understand why people do this as part of understanding the bigger picture as far as preventing it happening.</p><p></p><p>But by doing this we come to see that the behaviour is unreal and inappropriate. We have scientific measures as to what are distorted thinking and beliefs so we can know which these are. </p><p></p><p>Once we understand this we can then try to understand why some peoples thinking and beliefs become distorted and negative. How the personal, family and community experiences and conditions in society cause some to end up like this.</p><p></p><p>By doing this we then have a better idea of the problem and how to reduce and prevent it. </p><p></p><p>That is exactly what I have been advocating. So if anything I am advocating for a comprehensive and holistic measure and understanding rather than refusing to understand. </p><p></p><p>I think its the narrow view you are taking based on on beliefs as the cause and most relevant aspect of why people abuse and become violent which is refusing to understand other peoples perspectives.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="stevevw, post: 77651797, member: 342064"] I take note of your reply in the other post. But as far as evidence for how people are primed to abuse and be violent I think we first have to establish what we are talking about. I think that to establish whether someone has been primed to believe in abuse and violence we need to understand generally how and why people come to believe what they believe. The mechanisms and reasons for particular cognitions, emotions, perceptions and beliefs behind behaviour. Do you agree with this. This is false. The vast majority of abuse and violence happens in the most disadvantagious and devastated communities. In some extreme cases up to 98% of all violence happpens in the most deprived and disadvantaged communities. [I][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)]Individual economic hardship can also increase the risk for physical and emotional abuse. Indeed, [/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][B]children in low socioeconomic households are 3 times more likely to experience abuse[/B][/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)] compared to their more affluent peers. Researchers have commonly relied upon the Family Stress Model (FSM) of Economic Hardship ([URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R6']Conger et al., 1994[/URL]) to understand the ways in which economic hardships can relate to negative child outcomes. The model proposes that [/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][B]economic hardships can disrupt positive family processes, evoking parental depression, stress, and anxiety.[/B][/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)] [/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][B]Such mental health stressors, in turn, increases the likelihood of fighting and distress between spouses, increased parental hostility, and other negative parenting behaviors[/B][/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)] ([URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R6']Conger et al., 1994[/URL]; [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R28']Mistry et al, 2002[/URL]; [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R31']Newland et al., 2013[/URL]). As a result, [/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][B]children in families experiencing economic shocks are more likely to witness their parents’ emotional distress and to experience harsh and inconsistent discipline practices[/B][/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)] ([URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R6']Conger et al., 1994[/URL]). Prior studies have found economic hardships to be related to increased risk for harsh parenting and maltreatment ([URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R30']Neppl et al., 2016[/URL]; [URL='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#R43']Yang, 2014[/URL]). [URL unfurl="true"]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276351/#:~:text=Individual%20economic%20hardship%20can%20also,et%20al.%2C%202010).[/URL] Children in families of higher socio-economic position (SEP), as indicated by educational level of respondent or partner, and household wealth index, will be at lower risk of experiencing abuse compared to those of lower SEP. The finding that living in [/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][B]households with poorer wealth quintile increased the likelihood of a child being struck and slapped[/B][/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)] is concordant with other studies, [/COLOR][/I] [URL="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729331/"]Social determinants of child abuse: evidence of factors associated with maternal abuse from the Egypt demographic and health survey[/URL] [I][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)]There is a [/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][B]strong association between families’ socio-economic circumstances and the chances that their children will experience child abuse[/B][/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)] and neglect. The evidence repeatedly points to this conclusion across developed countries, types of abuse, definitions, measures and research approaches and in different child protection systems.ii [/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=rgb(44, 130, 201)][B]There is a gradient in the relationship between families’ socio-economic circumstances and rates of child abuse[/B][/COLOR][COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)] and neglect that mirrors the inequalities that appear in health and education – the greater the economic disadvantage, the greater the likelihood and severity of child maltreatment.iii [/COLOR][/I] [URL='https://www.benevolent.org.au/ArticleDocuments/406/Policy%20Position%20-%20Poverty%20and%20Child%20Abuse%20and%20Neglect.pdf.aspx']Policy Position - Poverty and Child Abuse and Neglect[/URL] There is a gradient relationships between increasings rates of child abuse and increases towards the lowest percentile of socioeconomic status. [COLOR=rgb(84, 172, 210)][I][/I][/COLOR] There is no perspective to understanding a radical ideology that justifies brutalizing, raping and killing innocents. There is a case that we should try to understand why people do this as part of understanding the bigger picture as far as preventing it happening. But by doing this we come to see that the behaviour is unreal and inappropriate. We have scientific measures as to what are distorted thinking and beliefs so we can know which these are. Once we understand this we can then try to understand why some peoples thinking and beliefs become distorted and negative. How the personal, family and community experiences and conditions in society cause some to end up like this. By doing this we then have a better idea of the problem and how to reduce and prevent it. That is exactly what I have been advocating. So if anything I am advocating for a comprehensive and holistic measure and understanding rather than refusing to understand. I think its the narrow view you are taking based on on beliefs as the cause and most relevant aspect of why people abuse and become violent which is refusing to understand other peoples perspectives. [/QUOTE]
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