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Discussion and Debate
Discussion and Debate
Physical & Life Sciences
Uncharted Territory, rapid warming greatly exceeds models' forecasts
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<blockquote data-quote="sjastro" data-source="post: 77662746" data-attributes="member: 352921"><p>Since ozone has been mentioned in this thread it is instructive to show how gasses at trace levels can have a profound influence on the environment.</p><p>In the late 1970s it was found there was a steady lowering in the total amount of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere by about 4%, and a much larger springtime decrease in the ozone layer in the stratosphere around the Earth's polar regions. </p><p>The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. </p><p>There were also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events.</p><p></p><p style="text-align: center">[ATTACH=full]347027[/ATTACH]</p> <p style="text-align: center"></p><p>The main causes for ozone depletion and the ozone hole are halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam-blowing agents using chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, and halons.</p><p>These compounds are transported into the stratosphere by turbulent mixing after being emitted from the surface, mixing much faster than the molecules can settle. Once in the stratosphere, they release atoms from the halogen group through photodissociation, which catalyze the breakdown of ozone (O₃) into oxygen (O₂). </p><p>Ozone depletion was observed to increase as emissions of ozone depleting chemicals increased.</p><p></p><p>These chemicals were banned by 1989 and ozone levels started to stabilize by the mid-1990s and began to recover in the 2000s.</p><p>Furthermore the levels of the ozone depleting chemicals began to decrease with time.</p><p></p><p style="text-align: center">[ATTACH=full]347028[/ATTACH]</p> <p style="text-align: center"></p><p>Note the concentration levels are of the order of ppb. (1 ppb = 0.0000001%).</p><p>Yet even a small reduction in these already minute levels has had a considerable effect on ozone.</p><p></p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="https://img.brainkart.com/imagebk45/3nwPKxq.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"></p><p>By comparison we are "suffocating" in CO₂ and ozone depletion and recovery serves to show emissions even in trace amounts can have an enormous effect on the environment.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="sjastro, post: 77662746, member: 352921"] Since ozone has been mentioned in this thread it is instructive to show how gasses at trace levels can have a profound influence on the environment. In the late 1970s it was found there was a steady lowering in the total amount of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere by about 4%, and a much larger springtime decrease in the ozone layer in the stratosphere around the Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. There were also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events. [CENTER][ATTACH type="full"]347027[/ATTACH] [/CENTER] The main causes for ozone depletion and the ozone hole are halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam-blowing agents using chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, and halons. These compounds are transported into the stratosphere by turbulent mixing after being emitted from the surface, mixing much faster than the molecules can settle. Once in the stratosphere, they release atoms from the halogen group through photodissociation, which catalyze the breakdown of ozone (O₃) into oxygen (O₂). Ozone depletion was observed to increase as emissions of ozone depleting chemicals increased. These chemicals were banned by 1989 and ozone levels started to stabilize by the mid-1990s and began to recover in the 2000s. Furthermore the levels of the ozone depleting chemicals began to decrease with time. [CENTER][ATTACH type="full"]347028[/ATTACH] [/CENTER] Note the concentration levels are of the order of ppb. (1 ppb = 0.0000001%). Yet even a small reduction in these already minute levels has had a considerable effect on ozone. [CENTER][IMG]https://img.brainkart.com/imagebk45/3nwPKxq.jpg[/IMG] [/CENTER] By comparison we are "suffocating" in CO₂ and ozone depletion and recovery serves to show emissions even in trace amounts can have an enormous effect on the environment. [/QUOTE]
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