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Free will and determinism
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<blockquote data-quote="Palmfever" data-source="post: 77661417" data-attributes="member: 424537"><p>Hawking’s contributions to understanding the universe have been called the most significant since Einstein. Hawking theorized correctly that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole" target="_blank">black holes</a> emit radiation. He was also the first to describe a theory of cosmology that united general relativity and quantum mechanics, and is an ardent supporter of the “many worlds” interpretation of quantum mechanics.</p><p></p><p>As black holes emit particles, they will eventually lose mass, shrink, and disappear, but the question of what happens to the information they held remains.</p><p></p><p>“What happens to all the particles that fell into the black hole?” he asked. “They can’t just emerge when the black hole disappears. The particles that come out of a black hole seem to be completely random and bear no relation to what fell in. It appears that the information about what fell in is lost, apart from the total amount of mass and the amount of rotation.”</p><p></p><p>If that information is truly lost, Hawking said, that strikes at the heart of our understanding of science.</p><p></p><p>“For more than 200 years, we have believed in the science of determinism, that is that the laws of science determine the evolution of the universe,” he said. “If information were lost in black holes, we wouldn’t be able to predict the future because the black hole could emit any collection of particles.</p><p></p><p>“It might seem that it wouldn’t matter very much if we couldn’t predict what comes out of black holes — there aren’t any black holes near us,” he continued. “But it’s a matter of principle. If determinism — the predictability of the universe — breaks down in black holes, it could break down in other situations. Even worse, if determinism breaks down, we can’t be sure of our past history either. The history books and our memories could just be illusions. It is the past that tells us who we are. Without it, we lose our identity.”</p><p></p><p>To understand whether that information is in fact lost, or whether it can be recovered, Hawking and colleagues, including Andrew Strominger, the Gwill E. York Professor of Physics at Harvard, are currently working to understand “supertranslations” to explain the mechanism by which information is returned from a black hole and encoded on the hole’s “event horizon.”</p><p>[URL unfurl="true"]https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/04/hawking-at-harvard/[/URL]</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Palmfever, post: 77661417, member: 424537"] Hawking’s contributions to understanding the universe have been called the most significant since Einstein. Hawking theorized correctly that [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole']black holes[/URL] emit radiation. He was also the first to describe a theory of cosmology that united general relativity and quantum mechanics, and is an ardent supporter of the “many worlds” interpretation of quantum mechanics. As black holes emit particles, they will eventually lose mass, shrink, and disappear, but the question of what happens to the information they held remains. “What happens to all the particles that fell into the black hole?” he asked. “They can’t just emerge when the black hole disappears. The particles that come out of a black hole seem to be completely random and bear no relation to what fell in. It appears that the information about what fell in is lost, apart from the total amount of mass and the amount of rotation.” If that information is truly lost, Hawking said, that strikes at the heart of our understanding of science. “For more than 200 years, we have believed in the science of determinism, that is that the laws of science determine the evolution of the universe,” he said. “If information were lost in black holes, we wouldn’t be able to predict the future because the black hole could emit any collection of particles. “It might seem that it wouldn’t matter very much if we couldn’t predict what comes out of black holes — there aren’t any black holes near us,” he continued. “But it’s a matter of principle. If determinism — the predictability of the universe — breaks down in black holes, it could break down in other situations. Even worse, if determinism breaks down, we can’t be sure of our past history either. The history books and our memories could just be illusions. It is the past that tells us who we are. Without it, we lose our identity.” To understand whether that information is in fact lost, or whether it can be recovered, Hawking and colleagues, including Andrew Strominger, the Gwill E. York Professor of Physics at Harvard, are currently working to understand “supertranslations” to explain the mechanism by which information is returned from a black hole and encoded on the hole’s “event horizon.” [URL unfurl="true"]https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/04/hawking-at-harvard/[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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